Scientific News

Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.

• Science

  Glossary of landforms

  Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as their creating process, shape, elevation, slope, orientation, rock exposure, and soil type.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of ecology

  This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts in ecology and related fields. For more specific definitions from other glossaries related to ecology, see Glossary of biology, Glossary of evolutionary biology, and Glossary of environmental science.

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of chemical formulae

  This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulae and CAS numbers, indexed by formula. This complements alternative listing at list of inorganic compounds.

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of computer science

  This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including terms relevant to software, data science, and computer programming.

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of engineering: M–Z

  This glossary of engineering terms is a list of definitions about the major concepts of engineering. Please see the bottom of the page for glossaries of specific fields of engineering.

  8/24/2026

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  Global hectare

  The Global Hectare (GHa) is a measurement unit for the ecological footprint of people or activities and the biocapacity of the Earth or its regions. One global hectare is the world's annual amount of biological production for human use and human waste assimilation, per hectare of biologically productive land and fisheries. It measures the production and consumption of different products. It starts

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of chemistry terms

  This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions; it features an extensive vocabulary and a significant

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of geology

  This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. For other terms related to the Earth sciences, see Glossary of geography terms (disambiguation).

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Global network

  A global network is any communication network that spans the entire Earth. The term, as used in this article, refers in a more restricted way to bidirectional communication networks based on technology. Early networks such as international mail and unidirectional communication networks, such as radio and television, are described elsewhere. The first global network was established using electrical

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics

  This is a glossary for the terminology often encountered in undergraduate quantum mechanics courses. Cautions: Different authors may have different definitions for the same term. The discussions are restricted to Schrödinger picture and non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Notation: | x ⟩ {\displaystyle |x\rangle } - p

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of areas of mathematics

  Mathematics is a broad subject that is commonly divided in many areas or branches that may be defined by their objects of study, by the used methods, or by both. For example, analytic number theory is a subarea of number theory devoted to the use of methods of analysis for the study of natural numbers. This glossary is alphabetically sorted. This hides a large part of the relationships between ar

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of astronomy

  This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.

  8/24/2026

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  Glossary of invariant theory

  This page is a glossary of terms in invariant theory. For descriptions of particular invariant rings, see invariants of a binary form, symmetric polynomials. For geometric terms used in invariant theory see the glossary of classical algebraic geometry. Definitions of many terms used in invariant theory can be found in (Sylvester 1853), (Cayley 1860), (Burnside & Panton 1881), (Salmon 1885), (E

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of engineering: A–L

  This glossary of engineering terms is a list of definitions about the major concepts of engineering. Please see the bottom of the page for glossaries of specific fields of engineering.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Globoid (botany)

  A globoid is a spherical crystalline inclusion in a protein body found in seed tissues that contains phytate and other nutrients for plant growth. These are found in several plants, including wheat and the genus Cucurbita. These nutrients are eventually completely depleted during seedling growth. In Cucurbita maxima, globoids form as early as the 3rd day of seedling growth. They are located in con

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of Principia Mathematica

  This is a list of the notation used in Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell's Principia Mathematica (1910–1913). The second (but not the first) edition of Volume I has a list of notation used at the end.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Globe of Matelica

  The Globe of Matelica (Globo of Matelica) is an Ancient Greek sundial sculpted on a marble ball. The artifact was found during the 1985 reconstruction of the medieval Palazzo Pretorio, presently Museo Civico Archeologico, of Matelica in the Marches, region of Italy.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)

  This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including molecular genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. It is split across two articles: Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L) lists terms beginning with numbers and those beginning with the letters

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)

  This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. It is split across two articles: This page, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L), lists terms beginning with numbers and with the letters A through L. G

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Germ theory of disease

  The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory explaining the cause of infectious diseases. It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can cause disease. These small organisms, which are too small to be seen without magnification, invade animals, plants, and even bacteria. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. "Germ" refers not

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Giant's Causeway

  The Giant's Causeway (Irish: Clochán an Aifir or Clochán na bhFomhórach) is an area of approximately 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province active in the region during the Paleogene period. It is located in County Antrim on the north coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the to

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Global Neighborhood Watch

  "Global Neighborhood Watch" is an article by Neal Stephenson that appeared in Wired Magazine in 1998. In it he proposes a specific plan for using information technology to fight crime. According to Stephenson, he is no longer pursuing the idea.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gerard Salton Award

  The Gerard Salton Award is presented by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval (SIGIR) every three years to an individual who has made "significant, sustained and continuing contributions to research in information retrieval". SIGIR also co-sponsors (with SIGWEB) the Vannevar Bush Award, for the best paper at the Joint Conference on Digital Li

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geothermal gradient

  Geothermal gradient is the rate of change in temperature with respect to increasing depth in Earth's interior. As a general rule, the crust temperature rises with depth due to the heat flow from the much hotter mantle; away from tectonic plate boundaries, temperature rises with depth at a rate of about 25–30 °C/km (72–87 °F/mi) near the surface in the continental crust. However, in some cases the

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Germanium chloride

  Germanium chloride may refer to: Germanium dichloride, germanium(II) chloride, GeCl2 Germanium tetrachloride, germanium(IV) chloride, GeCl4

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geothermobarometry

  Geothermobarometry is the methodology for estimating the pressure and temperature history of rocks (metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary). Geothermobarometry is a combination of geobarometry, where the pressure attained (and retained) by a mineral assemblage is estimated, and geothermometry where the temperature attained (and retained) by a mineral assemblage is estimated.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geotourism

  Geotourism is tourism associated with geological attractions and destinations. Geotourism (tourism with a geological base) deals with the abiotic natural and built environments. Geotourism was first defined in England by Thomas Alfred Hose in 1995.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geotope

  A geotope is the geological component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope. Example geotopes might be an exposed outcrop of rocks, an erratic boulder, a grotto or ravine, a cave, an old stone wall marking a property boundary, and so forth. It is a loanword from German (Geotop) in the study of ecology and might be the model for many other similar words coined by analogy. As the prototype, it

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Germ theory denialism

  Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong. It usually involves arguing that Louis Pasteur's model of infectious disease was wrong, and that Antoine Béchamp's was right. In fact, its origins are rooted in Béchamp's empirically disproven (in the context of disease) theory of pleomorphism. Another obso

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  German tank problem

  In the statistical theory of estimation, the German tank problem consists of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution from sampling without replacement. In simple terms, suppose there exists an unknown number of items which are sequentially numbered from 1 to N. A random sample of these items is taken and their sequence numbers observed; the problem is to estimate N from these obs

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Georgetown University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program

  The Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program was created in 2003 by Georgetown University Medical Center in response to a nationwide NIH-funded educational initiative to incorporate CAM into medical and graduate school curricula. This program is focused on training students to objectively assess the safety and efficacy of various CAM modalities such as acupuncture, massage, herbs, supplement

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  German Chemical Society

  The German Chemical Society (German: Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, GDCh) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1949 to represent the interests of German chemists in local, national and international contexts. GDCh "brings together people working in chemistry and the molecular sciences and supports their striving for positive, sustainable scientific advance – for the good

  8/24/2026

• Science

  German Informatics Society

  The German Informatics Society (GI) (German: Gesellschaft für Informatik) is a German professional society for computer science, with around 20,000 personal and 250 corporate members. It is the biggest organized representation of its kind in the German-speaking world.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geothrix fermentans

  Geothrix fermentans is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium. It is about 0.1 μm in diameter and ranges from 2-3 μm in length. Cell arrangement occurs singly and in chains. Geothrix fermentans can normally be found in aquatic sediments such as in aquifers. As an anaerobic chemoorganotroph, this organism is best known for its ability to use electron acceptors Fe(III), as well as other high potential m

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Germanium bromide

  Germanium bromide may refer to: Germanium(II) bromide (germanium dibromide), GeBr2 Germanium(IV) bromide (germanium tetrabromide), GeBr4

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geoscientist In Training

  Geoscientist in Training, or GIT is a professional designation from the National Association of State Boards of Geology (ASBOG) and other organizations, used in U.S. States which regulate the practice of Geology and related earth science fields. Requirements for GIT certification are generally as follows: Completion of an accredited four year degree program with a minimum of 30 hours of geoscie

  8/24/2026

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  Georgia Tech Online Master of Science in Computer Science

  Georgia Tech Online Master of Science in Computer Science (OMSCS) is a Master of Science degree offered by the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. The program was launched in 2014 in partnership with Udacity and AT&T and delivered through the massive open online course (MOOC) format. Georgia Tech has received attention for offering an online master's degree program for under $7,000 that gives st

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  George Macdonald Medal

  The George Macdonald Medal is jointly awarded by the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine "to recognise outstanding contributions to tropical hygiene." The award was established in 1972 following the death of George Macdonald in 1967. It is awarded every three years and is given to "those in their mid-career or senior leaders in thei

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Geoscience Education, Training and Technology Transfer

  The Commission for Geoscience Education, Training, and Technology Transfer, which since 2004 has been officially referred to as the 'Commission on Geoscience Education (COGE)', is a global organization operating under the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). It aims to contribute to global efforts towards the advancement of geoscience education and the promotion of global knowledge a

  8/24/2026

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  Geoscience education

  Also known as Earth science education, it is the study of Earth's physical features, processes, and systems, as well as the natural and human-induced events that shape it. It involves disciplines like geology, oceanography, meteorology, climatology, environmental science. Geoscience education is a branch of science education that focuses on the teaching and learning of Earth sciences. It contribut

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gibbs paradox

  In statistical mechanics, a semi-classical derivation of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive (is not proportional to the amount of substance in question). This leads to a paradox known as the Gibbs paradox, after Josiah Willard Gibbs, who proposed this thought experiment in 1874‒1875. The paradox all

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Phase rule

  In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing multi-component, multi-phase systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. For a system without chemical reactions, it relates the number of freely varying intensive properties (F) to the number of components (C), the number of phases (P), and number of ways of performing work on the system (N): F =

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Gerontology

  Gerontology is the science of old age and the aging process. It encompasses the understanding, prevention, rehabilitation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with the changes that occur in humans throughout their entire lifespan, with particular emphasis on longevity. Gerontologists work in interdisciplinary care alongside geriatricians, nurses, p

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Gerovital

  Gerovital H3 (or procaine hydrochloride and products known as GH3 and other variants, which may or may not be identical to Gerovital H3) is a preparation developed during the 1950s and promoted by its advocates as an effective anti-aging treatment. In the United States, the FDA bans Gerovital H3 from interstate commerce as an unapproved drug and, since 1982, has prohibited its importation. Gerovi

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Gibbs' inequality

  In information theory, Gibbs' inequality is a statement about the information entropy of a discrete probability distribution. Several other bounds on the entropy of probability distributions are derived from Gibbs' inequality, including Fano's inequality. It was first presented by J. Willard Gibbs in the 19th century.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Germanium oxide

  Germanium oxide may refer to: Germanium dioxide, GeO2, the best known and most commonly encountered oxide of germanium containing germanium(IV) Germanium monoxide, GeO, a stable but not well characterised compound containing germanium(II)

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Ghost imaging

  Ghost imaging (also called "coincidence imaging", "two-photon imaging" or "correlated-photon imaging") is a technique that produces an image of an object by combining information from two light detectors: a conventional, multi-pixel detector that does not view the object, and a single-pixel (bucket) detector that does view the object. Two techniques have been demonstrated. A quantum method uses

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Germline mosaicism

  Germline mosaicism, also called gonadal mosaicism, is a type of genetic mosaicism where more than one set of genetic information is found specifically within the gamete cells; conversely, somatic mosaicism is a type of genetic mosaicism found in somatic cells. Germline mosaicism can be present at the same time as somatic mosaicism or individually, depending on when the conditions occur. Pure germl

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Germanium sulfide

  Germanium sulfide may refer to: Germanium(IV) sulfide GeS2, also known as Germanium disulfide Germanium(II) sulfide GeS, a semiconductor also known as Germanium monosulfide

  8/24/2026

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  Gieseking manifold

  In mathematics, the Gieseking manifold is a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold of finite volume. It is non-orientable and has the smallest volume among non-compact hyperbolic manifolds, having volume approximately V ≈ 1.0149416 {\displaystyle V\approx 1.0149416} . It was discovered by Hugo Gieseking (1912). The Gieseking manifold can be constr

  8/24/2026