Scientific News
Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.
Science
Ecliptic
The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere, resulting from Earth's orbit around the Sun. It was a central concept in a number of ancient sciences, providing the framework for key measurements in astronomy, astrology and calendar-making. The ecliptic is so named because the ancients noted that eclipses only occur when the Moon is crossing it. Sun path can
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological facilitation
Ecological facilitation or probiosis describes species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. Facilitations can be categorized as mutualisms, in which both species benefit, or commensalisms, in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. This article addresses both the mechanisms of facilitation and the increasing information available con
8/24/2026
Science
Eco-sufficiency
Ecological sufficiency, or simply sufficiency, refers to the concept or strategy to reduce the environmental footprint of societies through moderating the need for energy, carbon and material-based services and products. The term was popularised by authors such as Thomas Princen, a professor at MIT, in his 2005 book The Logic of Sufficiency. As a goal, sufficiency is about ensuring that all humans
8/24/2026
Science
Ecliptic coordinate system
In astronomy, the ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system commonly used for representing the apparent positions, orbits, and pole orientations of Solar System objects. Because most planets (except Mercury) and many small Solar System bodies have orbits with only slight inclinations to the ecliptic, using it as the fundamental plane is convenient. The system's origin can be the
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological damage
Ecological damage may refer to: environmental degradation something adversely affecting ecological health something adversely affecting ecosystem health
8/24/2026
Science
Ecoinformatics
Ecoinformatics, or ecological informatics, is the science of information in ecology and environmental science. It integrates environmental and information sciences to define entities and natural processes with language common to both humans and computers. However, this is a rapidly developing area in ecology and there are alternative perspectives on what constitutes ecoinformatics. A few definitio
8/24/2026
Science
Ecocomposition
Ecocomposition is a way of looking at literacy using concepts from ecology. It is a postprocess theory of writing instruction that tries to account for factors beyond hierarchically defined goals within social settings; however, it does not dismiss these goals. Rather, it incorporates them within an ecological view that extends the range of factors affecting the writing process beyond the social t
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological pyramid
An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, Eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem. A pyramid of energy shows how much energy is retained in the form of new biomass from each trophic level, while a pyramid of biomass shows how much biomass (the amount of living
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological competence
Ecological competence is a term that has several different meanings that are dependent on the context it is used. The term "Ecological competence" can be used in a microbial sense, and it can be used in a sociological sense.
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological literacy
Ecological literacy (also referred to as ecoliteracy) is the ability to understand the natural systems that make life on Earth possible. To be ecoliterate means understanding the principles of organization of ecological communities (i.e. ecosystems) and using those principles for creating sustainable human communities. The term was coined by Frank Herbert in his novel Dune - Liet-Kynes's father te
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological network
An ecological network is a representation of the biotic interactions in an ecosystem, in which species (nodes) are connected by pairwise interactions (links). These interactions can be trophic or symbiotic. Ecological networks are used to describe and compare the structures of real ecosystems, while network models are used to investigate the effects of network structure on properties such as eco
8/24/2026
Science
Ecoflation
Ecoflation (a portmanteau of "ecological" and "inflation") is a future scenario in "Rattling Supply Chains", a research report by the World Resources Institute and A.T. Kearney, released in November 2008. It is characterized by natural resources becoming scarcer and sustainability issues become more pressing, leading to an increase in the price of commodities. The effects of the increase in the pr
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is "the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition". It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological inheritance
Ecological inheritance occurs when an organism's offspring inhabit a modified environment that a previous generation created. Therefore, the selective pressures created from the modifications must remain for the next generation in order for it to be deemed ecological inheritance. It was first described in Odling-Smee (1988) and Odling-Smee et al. (1996) as a consequence of niche construction. Stan
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological assessment
Ecological assessment (EA) implies the monitoring of ecological resources, to discover the current and changing conditions. EAs are required components of most hazardous waste site investigations. Such assessments, in conjunction with contamination and human health risk assessments, help to evaluate the environmental hazards posed by contaminated sites and to determine remediation requirements. In
8/24/2026
Science
Eco-industrial development
Eco-industrial development (EID) is a framework for industry to develop while reducing its impact on the environment. It uses a closed loop production cycle to tackle a broad set of environmental challenges such as soil and water pollution, desertification, species preservation, energy management, by-product synergy, resource efficiency, air quality, etc. Mutually beneficial connections among indu
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological speciation
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene flow between two populations of a species. Ecological factors can include changes in the environmental conditions in which a species experiences, such as behavioral changes involving predation, predator avoidance, pollinator attraction, and forag
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological overshoot
Ecological overshoot is the phenomenon which occurs when the demands made on a natural ecosystem exceed its regenerative capacity. Global ecological overshoot occurs when the demands made by humanity exceed what the biosphere of Earth can provide through its capacity for renewal. Scientific use of the term in the context of the global ecological impact of humanity is attributed to a 1980 book by W
8/24/2026
Science
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) is a field of biology combining ecology, developmental biology and evolutionary biology to examine their relationship. The concept is closely tied to multiple biological mechanisms. The effects of eco-evo-devo can be a result of developmental plasticity, the result of symbiotic relationships or epigenetically inherited. The overlap betwe
8/24/2026
Science
Eco-enzyme
Eco-enzyme or garbage enzyme is a liquid substance from fermentation process of specific organic waste such as fruit peels, vegetable waste, and other plant soft tissue. Eco-enzyme is usually utilized as a disinfectant.
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic recrystallization
Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is a type of recrystallization process, found within the fields of metallurgy and geology. In dynamic recrystallization, as opposed to static recrystallization, the nucleation and growth of new grains occurs during deformation rather than afterwards as part of a separate heat treatment. The reduction of grain size increases the risk of grain boundary sliding at elev
8/24/2026
Science
EPIA
VIA EPIA (VIA Embedded Platform Innovative Architecture) is a series of mini-ITX, em-ITX, nano-ITX, pico-ITX and pico-ITXe motherboards with integrated VIA processors. They are small and consume less power than computers of comparable capabilities.
8/24/2026
Science
Dysprosium chloride
Dysprosium chloride may refer to: Dysprosium(II) chloride (dysprosium dichloride), DyCl2 Dysprosium(III) chloride (dysprosium trichloride), DyCl3
8/24/2026
Science
E. Mead Johnson Award
The E. Mead Johnson Award, given by the Society for Pediatric Research, was established in 1939 to honor clinical and laboratory research achievements in pediatrics. The awards are funded by Mead Johnson Nutritionals, a subsidiary of Reckitt Benckiser and are named after Edward Mead Johnson, a co-founder of the originating company Johnson & Johnson. Two researchers sometimes share a prize.
8/24/2026
Science
Döbereiner's triads
In the history of the periodic table, Döbereiner's triads were an early attempt to sort the elements into some logical order and sets based on their physical properties. They are analogous to the groups (columns) on the modern periodic table. 53 elements were known at his time. In 1817, a letter by Ferdinand Wurzer reported Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's observations of the alkaline earths; namely,
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic equilibrium
In chemistry, a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction occurs. Substances initially transition between the reactants and products at different rates until the forward and backward reaction rates eventually equalize, meaning there is no net change. Reactants and products are formed at such a rate that the concentration of neither changes. It is a particular example of a system in a s
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamics (mechanics)
In physics, dynamics or classical dynamics is the study of forces and their effect on motion. It is a branch of classical mechanics, along with statics and kinematics. The fundamental principle of dynamics is linked to Newton's second law.
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamo theory
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mer
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical friction
In astrophysics, dynamical friction or Chandrasekhar friction, sometimes called gravitational drag, is loss of momentum and kinetic energy of moving bodies through gravitational interactions with surrounding matter in space. It was first discussed in detail by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1943.
8/24/2026
Science
Dyson Perrins Laboratory
The Dyson Perrins Laboratory is in the science area of the University of Oxford and was the main centre for research into organic chemistry of the University from its foundation in 1916 until its closure as a research laboratory in 2003. Until 2018, parts of the building were used as teaching laboratories in which undergraduate students were trained in practical organic chemistry. It was founded
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic link matching
Dynamic link matching is a graph-based system for image recognition. It uses wavelet transformations to encode incoming image data.
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic data
Dynamic data or transactional data is a concept and practice in data management. It is information that is periodically updated, meaning it changes asynchronously over time as new information becomes available. The concept is important in data management, since the time scale of the data determines how it is processed and stored. Data that is not dynamic is considered either static (unchanging) or
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical genetics
Dynamical genetics is a subfield of molecular biology and genetics that studies phenomena in which physiological protein complexes alter DNA. The study of such mechanisms is important because they promote useful functions, for example the immune system recombination (on the individual scale) and chromosomal crossover (on the evolutionary scale). Furthermore, when such mechanisms malfunction, disea
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices
Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices is a book in solid state physics, authored collaboratively by Max Born and Kun Huang. The book was originally started by Born in c. 1940, and was finished in the 1950s by Huang in consultation with Born. The text is considered a classical treatise on the subject of lattice dynamics, phonon theory, and elasticity in crystalline solids, but excluding metals and o
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic priority scheduling
Dynamic priority scheduling is a type of scheduling algorithm in which the priorities are calculated during the execution of the system. The goal of dynamic priority scheduling is to adapt to dynamically changing progress and to form an optimal configuration in a self-sustained manner. It can be very hard to produce well-defined policies to achieve the goal depending on the difficulty of a given p
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic problem (algorithms)
In computer science, dynamic problems are problems stated in terms of changing input data. In its most general form, a problem in this category is usually stated as follows: Given a structure composed of objects, find efficient algorithms and data structures to answer certain queries about the structure, while also efficiently supporting update operations such as insertion, deletion or modificati
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical system simulation
Dynamical system simulation or dynamic system simulation is the use of a computer program to model the time-varying behavior of a dynamical system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. A simulation run solves the state-equation system to find the behavior of the state variables over a specified period of time. The equation is sol
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic topography
The term dynamic topography is used in geodynamics to refer the elevation differences caused by the flow within Earth's mantle.
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical mean-field theory
Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is a method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. In such materials, the approximation of independent electrons, which is used in density functional theory and usual band structure calculations, breaks down. Dynamical mean-field theory, a non-perturbative treatment of local interactions between electrons, bridges the gap between
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic similarity (Reynolds and Womersley numbers)
In fluid mechanics, dynamic similarity is the phenomenon that when there are two geometrically similar vessels (same shape, different sizes) with the same boundary conditions (e.g., no-slip, center-line velocity) and the same Reynolds and Womersley numbers, then the fluid flows will be identical. This can be seen from inspection of the underlying Navier-Stokes equation, with geometrically similar
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical reduction
A dynamical reduction theory (DRT) is an extension of quantum mechanics (QM) that attempts to account for the collapse of the wave function. It is necessary because QM does not account for the specific measurements of observable quantities or events, in the familiar realm of Newtonian or classical physics, that we make in QM experiments. The reason that QM does not account for measurements is that
8/24/2026
Science
E. R. Ward Neale Medal
The E. R. Neale Medal, named after E. R. Ward Neale, past Geological Association of Canada president, is awarded by the Geological Association of Canada to an individual for sustained outstanding efforts in sharing earth science with Canadians. The award recognizes outstanding efforts to communicate and explain geoscience to the public through public lectures, print or electronic media articles,
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamical pictures
In quantum mechanics, dynamical pictures (or representations) are the multiple equivalent ways to mathematically formulate the dynamics of a quantum system. The two most important ones are the Heisenberg picture and the Schrödinger picture. These differ only by a basis change with respect to time-dependency, analogous to the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field: in short, time
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic site acceleration
Dynamic Site Acceleration (DSA) is a group of technologies which make the delivery of dynamic websites more efficient. Manufacturers of application delivery controllers and content delivery networks (CDNs) use a host of techniques to accelerate dynamic sites, including: Improved connection management, by multiplexing client connections and HTTP keep-alive Prefetching of uncachable web responses D
8/24/2026
Science
Dynamic scaling
Dynamic scaling (sometimes known as Family–Vicsek scaling) is a litmus test that shows whether an evolving system exhibits self-similarity. In general a function is said to exhibit dynamic scaling if it satisfies: f ( x , t ) ∼ t θ φ (
8/24/2026
Science
E (mathematical constant)
The number e is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 2.71828, that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function. It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted γ {\displaystyle
8/24/2026
Science
E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive ha
8/24/2026
Science
European Association for Theoretical Computer Science
The European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) is an international organization with a European focus, founded in 1972. Its aim is to facilitate the exchange of ideas and results among theoretical computer scientists as well as to stimulate cooperation between the theoretical and the practical community in computer science. The major activities of the EATCS are: Organization of
8/24/2026
Science
ELODIE spectrograph
ELODIE was an echelle spectrograph installed on the 1.93m reflector at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in south-eastern France. Its optical instrumentation was developed by André Baranne from the Marseille Observatory. The purpose of the instrument was extrasolar planet detection by the radial velocity method. ELODIE's first light was achieved in 1993. The instrument was decommissioned in Augus
8/24/2026
Science
EEMBC
EEMBC, the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium, was a non-profit, member-funded organization formed in 1997, focused on the creation of standard benchmarks for the hardware and software used in embedded systems. The goal of its members is to make EEMBC benchmarks an industry standard for evaluating the capabilities of embedded processors, compilers, and the associated embedded system impl
8/24/2026