Scientific News

Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.

• Science

  Cinematography in healthcare

  The concept of healthcare knowledge transfer using cinematography recognizes that films with carefully crafted and verified content, using graphics, animations and live-action video, can be one of the most efficient ways of transferring knowledge with clarity and speed, to both lay-people and healthcare professionals.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Church–Turing thesis

  In computability theory, the Church–Turing thesis is a thesis about the nature of computable functions. It states that a function on the natural numbers can be calculated by an effective method if and only if it is computable by a Turing machine. The thesis is named after American mathematician Alonzo Church and the British mathematician Alan Turing. Before the precise definition of computable fun

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Circulation (physics)

  In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve embedded in the field. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity field. In electrodynamics, it can be the electric or the magnetic field. The term circulation was introduced by William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) in 1869 to denote the line integral of velocity around a closed curve as a kinematic measure

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromium oxide

  Chromium oxide may refer to: Chromium(II) oxide, CrO Chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3 Chromium dioxide (chromium(IV) oxide), CrO2, which includes the hypothetical compound chromium(II) chromate Chromium trioxide (chromium(VI) oxide), CrO3 Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide, CrO5 Mixed valence species, such as Cr8O21

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chronostratigraphy

  Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time. The ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region, and eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth. The standard stratigraphic nomenclature is a chronostratigraphic system based on palaeon

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chronology of computation of pi

  The table below is a brief chronology of computed numerical values of, or bounds on, the mathematical constant π. For more detailed explanations for some of these calculations, see Approximations of π.

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Ciampate del Diavolo

  The Ciampate del Diavolo (Neapolitan: "Devil's Footprints" or "Devil's Trails") is a locality near the extinct Roccamonfina volcano in northern Campania, Italy. It is named after fossilised footprints preserved in pyroclastic flow deposits that have been dated to around 350,000 years ago. They have been attributed to bipedal hominids, possibly Homo heidelbergensis, which is known to have inhabited

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromosome combing

  Chromosome combing (also known as molecular combing or DNA combing) is a technique used to produce an array of uniformly stretched DNA that is then highly suitable for nucleic acid hybridization studies such as fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) which benefit from the uniformity of stretching, the easy access to the hybridisation target sequences, and the resolution offered by the large dist

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chronozone

  A chronozone or chron is a unit in chronostratigraphy, defined by events such as geomagnetic reversals (magnetozones), or based on the presence of specific fossils (biozone or biochronozone). According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the term "chronozone" refers to the rocks formed during a particular time period, while "chron" refers to that time period. Although non-hierarchic

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromium chloride

  Chromium chloride may refer to: Chromium(II) chloride, also known as chromous chloride Chromium(III) chloride, also known as chromic chloride or chromium trichloride Chromium(IV) chloride, unstable

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cinemeducation

  Cinemeducation is the use of film in medical education. It was originally coined by Matthew Alexander, Hall, and Pettice in the journal Family Medicine in 1994 and later used by Matthew Alexander, Anna Pavlov, and Patricia Lenahan in their text of the same title. Cinemeducation is generally regarded as a pedagogical approach situated within the field of medical humanities. Cinemeducation emphasise

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromium fluoride

  Chromium fluoride may refer to: Chromium(II) fluoride, a blue-green iridescent solid Chromium(III) fluoride, a green crystalline solid Chromium(IV) fluoride, a dark greenish-black color when solid Chromium(V) fluoride, a red volatile solid Chromium(VI) fluoride, a hypothetical chemical compound

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chvátal–Sankoff constants

  In mathematics, the Chvátal–Sankoff constants are mathematical constants that describe the lengths of longest common subsequences of random strings. Although the existence of these constants has been proven, their exact values are unknown. They are named after Václav Chvátal and David Sankoff, who began investigating them in the mid-1970s. There is one Chvátal–Sankoff constant

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cieplak effect

  In organic chemistry, the Cieplak effect is a predictive model to rationalize why nucleophiles preferentially add to one face of a carbonyl over another. Proposed by Andrzej Stanislaw Cieplak in 1980, it correctly predicts results that could not be justified by the other standard models at the time, such as the Cram and Felkin–Anh models. In the Cieplak model, electrons from a neighboring bond del

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Circle of equal altitude

  The circle of equal altitude, also called circle of position (CoP), is defined as the locus of points on Earth on which an observer sees a celestial object such as the sun or a star, at a given time, with the same observed altitude. It was discovered by the American sea-captain Thomas Hubbard Sumner in 1837, published in 1843 and is the basis of an important method in celestial navigation.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromogen

  In chemistry, the term chromogen refers to a colourless (or faintly coloured) chemical compound that can be converted by chemical reaction into a compound which can be described as "coloured" (a chromophore). There is no universally agreed definition of the term. Various dictionaries give the following definitions: A substance capable of conversion into a pigment or dye. Any substance that can be

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chronocinematograph

  Chronocinematograph is an astronomical instrument consisting of a film camera, chronometer and chronograph. The device records images using a more precise timetable for observing an eclipse. It was invented in 1927 by a Polish astronomer, mathematician and geodesist Tadeusz Banachiewicz for observing total solar eclipses. During the same year, Banachiewcz used his device for solar observations in

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Circannual cycle

  In chronobiology, the circannual cycle is characterized by biological processes and behaviors recurring on an approximate annual basis, spanning a period of about one year. This term is particularly relevant in the analysis of seasonal environmental changes and their influence on the physiology, behavior, and life cycles of organisms. Adaptations observed in response to these circannual rhythms in

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chinese herbology

  Chinese herbology or Chinese materia medica (traditional Chinese: 中藥學; simplified Chinese: 中药学; pinyin: zhōngyào xué; lit. 'Chinese medication study') is the theory of traditional Chinese pharmacotherapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is analogous to other traditional materia medica systems. The term herbology is misleading in the sense tha

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chi site

  A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is more likely to occur than on average across the genome. Chi sites serve as stimulators of DNA double-strand break repair in bacteria, which can arise from radiation or chemical treatments, or result from replication fork breakage during DNA replication. The sequence of the Chi s

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chromium bromide

  Chromium bromide may refer to: Chromium(II) bromide (chromium dibromide), CrBr2 Chromium(III) bromide (chromium tribromide), CrBr3 Chromium(IV) bromide (chromium tetrabromide), CrBr4

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorosalicylic acid

  Chlorosalicylic acid may refer to: 3-Chlorosalicylic acid, RN = 1829-32-9 , m.p. 180-182 °C 4-Chlorosalicylic acid, RN = 5106-98-9, m.p. 211 °C 5-Chlorosalicylic acid, RN = 321-14-2 , m.p. 171.5 °C 6-Chlorosalicylic acid, RN = 56961-31-0 , m.p. 171.5-172.5 °C All have the formula ClC6H3(OH)CO2H, where the OH group occupies the position on the ring next to the CO2H group.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorophenyl azide

  There are three chlorophenyl azides: 2-Chlorophenyl azide (ortho) 3-Chlorophenyl azide (meta) 4-Chlorophenyl azide (para)

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorophenylpiperazine

  Chlorophenylpiperazine may refer to: meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine ortho-Chlorophenylpiperazine para-Chlorophenylpiperazine

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chiller

  A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid coolant via a vapor-compression, adsorption refrigeration, or absorption refrigeration cycles. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool equipment, or another process stream (such as air or process water). As a necessary by-product, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambience, or for greater ef

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chirality (chemistry)

  In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral () if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes. This geometric property is called chirality (). The terms are derived from Ancient Greek χείρ (cheir) 'hand'; which is the canonical example of an object with this property. A chiral molecule or ion exists in two stereois

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chinese astronomy

  Astronomy in China has a long history stretching from the Shang dynasty, being refined over a period of more than 3,000 years. The ancient Chinese people have identified stars from 1300 BCE, as Chinese star names later categorized in the twenty-eight mansions have been found on oracle bones unearthed at Anyang, dating back to the mid-Shang dynasty. The core of the "mansion" (宿 xiù) system also too

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chiral pool

  The chiral pool is a "collection of abundant enantiopure building blocks provided by nature" used in synthesis. In other words, a chiral pool would be a large quantity of common organic enantiomers. Contributors to the chiral pool are amino acids, sugars, and terpenes. Their use improves the efficiency of total synthesis. Not only does the chiral pool contribute a premade carbon skeleton, their c

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Child psychopathology

  Child psychopathology refers to the scientific study of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder are examples of psychopathology that are typically first diagnosed during childhood. Mental health providers who work with children and adolescents are informed by research in developmental psycho

  8/24/2026

• Science

  China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)

  The China University of Geosciences is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Hubei Provincial People's Government. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Project 211. The China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) are co

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Child development stages

  Child development stages are the theoretical milestones of child development, some of which are asserted in nativist theories. This article discusses the most widely accepted developmental stages in children. There exists a wide variation in terms of what is considered "normal", caused by variations in genetic, cognitive, physical, family, cultural, nutritional, educational, and environmental fact

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chimie ParisTech

  Chimie ParisTech, officially École nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris (French pronunciation: [ekɔl nɑsjɔnal sypeʁjœʁ də ʃimi də paʁi]; "National High School of Chemistry of Paris") and also known as ENSCP or Chimie Paris, is a grande école and a constituent college of PSL Research University specialised in chemical science. It was founded in 1896 within the University of Paris and is located

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chiasma (genetics)

  In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover, but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis. In meiosis, absence of a chiasma generally results in im

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chesson's index

  The Manly-Chesson's Index (or Manly's alpha, or Chesson's index) refers to an index to determine selective feeding on discrete food items. It was described separately by Bryan F. J. Manly and Jean Chesson in the 1970s. It was initially described for two different food types, but was later extended to include more food types. The index for two food types is calculated as:

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chimera (molecular biology)

  In molecular biology, and more importantly high-throughput DNA sequencing, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating when multiple transcripts or DNA sequences get joined. Chimeras can be considered artifacts and be filtered out from the data during processing to prevent spurious inferences of biological variation. However, chimeras should not be confused with chimeric reads, which are gener

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chiral media

  The term chiral describes an object, especially a molecule, which has or produces a non-superposable mirror image of itself. In chemistry, such a molecule is called an enantiomer or is said to exhibit chirality or enantiomerism. The term "chiral" comes from the Greek word for the human hand, which itself exhibits such non-superimposeability of the left hand precisely over the right. Due to the op

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cheung–Marks theorem

  In information theory, the Cheung–Marks theorem, named after K. F. Cheung and Robert J. Marks II, specifies conditions where restoration of a signal by the sampling theorem can become ill-posed. It offers conditions whereby "reconstruction error with unbounded variance [results] when a bounded variance noise is added to the samples."

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chinese Wand Exercise

  Chinese Wand (Jiangan) Exercise or Chinese Health Wand is an obscure ancient exercise system, related to the martial art Kung Fu. The "wand" in Chinese Wand Exercise is a dowel 48–50 inches (120–130 cm) long, 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, made of wood or bamboo or similar materials, used as a fulcrum for balance, form and posture. "It's the pyramid effect, with you as center." "Seventeen gentle be

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chirality

  Chirality () is the property of an object not being identical to its reflection, or mirror image. An object is chiral if it is not identical to its reflection; that is, it cannot be superposed (mapped by rotations and translations alone) onto itself. Conversely, an object is achiral (sometimes also amphichiral) if its reflection cannot be distinguished from the object (i.e. can be superposed onto

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning

  In Chinese alchemy, elixir poisoning refers to the toxic effects from elixirs of immortality that contained metals and minerals such as mercury and arsenic. The official Twenty-Four Histories record numerous Chinese emperors, nobles, and officials who died from taking elixirs to prolong their lifespans. The first emperor to die from elixir poisoning was likely Qin Shi Huang (d. 210 BCE) and the la

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

  The China University of Geosciences is a public university located in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Natural Resources. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction and Project 211. In administrative and legal terms, the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and the China Universit

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology

  The Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on the history of science and technology related to China. It is published by the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Science Publishing & Media. The journal publishes research articles and reviews, including specific studies of origin

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chlorine oxide

  Chlorine and oxygen can bond in a number of ways: chlorine monoxide radical, ClO•, chlorine (II) oxide radical chloroperoxyl radical, ClO2•, chlorine (II) peroxide radical chlorine dioxide, ClO2, chlorine (IV) oxide chlorine trioxide radical, ClO3•, chlorine (VI) oxide radical chlorine tetroxide radical, ClO4•, chlorine (VII) oxide radical dichlorine monoxide, Cl2O, chlorine (I) oxide chlorine pe

  8/24/2026

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  Science

  Chladni's law

  Chladni's law, named after Ernst Chladni, relates the frequency of modes of vibration for flat circular surfaces with fixed center as a function of the numbers m of diametric (linear) nodes and n of radial (circular) nodes. It is stated as the equation f = C ( m + 2 n ) p

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorobenzenes

  Chlorobenzenes are a group of aryl chlorides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more chlorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C6H6–nCln, where n = 1–6 is the number of chlorine atoms. Depending on the number of chlorine substituents, there may be several constitutional isomers possible. Monochlorobenzene Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dic

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorine bomb

  A chlorine bomb is a small explosive device which uses the pressure of chemically produced chlorine gas or other chlorine-containing gases such as hydrogen chloride to produce an explosion. It is made with an airtight container part-filled with different types of chlorine tablet and other reagents. The reaction produces an expansive increase in pressure, eventually rupturing the container. Usually

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorocresol

  Chlorocresol may refer to a number of different chemical compounds, of which two are of primary importance: 2-Chloro-m-cresol p-Chlorocresol

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorine acid

  Chlorine acid can refer to: Hydrochloric acid, HCl Hypochlorous acid, HClO Chlorous acid, HClO2 Chloric acid, HClO3 Perchloric acid, HClO4

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorodifluoroethane

  Chlorodifluoroethane has the following isomers: 2-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142) 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane (R-142a) 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b)

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Chlorobenzaldehyde

  Chlorobenzaldehyde may refer to: 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde (o-chlorobenzaldehyde) 3-Chlorobenzaldehyde (m-chlorobenzaldehyde) 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (p-chlorobenzaldehyde)

  8/24/2026