Scientific News

Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.

• 

  Science

  Celestial sphere

  In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing loc

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestial pole

  The north and south celestial poles are the two points in the sky where Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to observers at Earth's North Pole and South Pole, respectively. As Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other celestial points

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Celestial mechanics

  Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions and gravitational interactions of objects in outer space. Historically, celestial mechanics applies principles of physics (classical mechanics) to astronomical objects, such as stars and planets, to produce ephemeris data. The computation of the motion of the bodies through orbital mechanics can be simplified by using an ap

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestial navigation

  Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning. Celestial navigation is performed without using sa

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestial equator

  The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of a planet, by convention generally Earth. By extension, it is also a plane of reference in the equatorial coordinate system. Because of the Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is currently inclined by about 23.44° with respect to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit), but has va

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Cell death

  Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in programmed cell death, or may result from factors such as diseases, localized injury, or the death of the organism of which the cells are part. Apoptosis or type I cell-death, and autophagy or type II cell-death are

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celatone

  The celatone was a device invented by Galileo Galilei to observe Jupiter's moons with the purpose of finding longitude on Earth. It took the form of a piece of headgear with a telescope taking the place of an eyehole.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cellular multiprocessing

  Cellular multiprocessing is a multiprocessing computing architecture designed initially for Intel central processing units from Unisys, a worldwide information technology consulting company. It consists of the partitioning of processors into separate computing environments running different operating systems. Providing up to 32 processors that are crossbar connected to 64GB of memory and 96 PCI ca

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Census of Marine Life

  The Census of Marine Life was a scientific initiative involving a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations, engaged to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans. The census cost US$650 million and took ten years to produce; the first comprehensive Census of Marine Life was released in 2010 in London. Initially supported by funding from the Alf

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Cement mill

  A cement mill (or finish mill in North American usage) is the equipment used to grind the hard, nodular clinker from the cement kiln into the fine grey powder that is cement. Most cement is currently ground in ball mills and also vertical roller mills which are more effective than ball mills.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestial cartography

  Celestial cartography, uranography, astrography or star cartography is the aspect of astronomy and branch of cartography concerned with mapping stars, galaxies, and other astronomical objects on the celestial sphere. Measuring the position and light of charted objects requires a variety of instruments and techniques. These techniques have developed from angle measurements with quadrants and the un

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Cementation (geology)

  Cementation is a process where minerals bond grains of sediment together by growing around them. This means precipitation of ions carried in groundwater to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains. The new pore-filling minerals form "bridges" between original sediment grains, thereby binding them together. In this way, sand becomes sandstone, and gravel becomes conglomerate or brec

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Census of Diversity of Abyssal Marine Life

  The Census of Diversity of Abyssal Marine Life (CeDAMar) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that studies the species diversity of one of the largest and most inaccessible environments on the planet, the abyssal plain. CeDAMar uses data to create an estimation of global species diversity and provide a better understanding of the history of deep-sea fauna, including its present diversi

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Census of Antarctic Marine Life

  The Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that researches the marine biodiversity of Antarctica, how it is affected by climate change, and how this change is altering the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. The program started in 2005 as a 5-year initiative with the scientific goal being to study the evolution of life in Antarctic waters, to determine

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Census of Coral Reefs

  The Census of Coral Reefs (CReefs) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that surveys the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems internationally. The project works to study what species live in coral reef ecosystems, to develop standardized protocols for studying coral reef ecosystems, and to increase access to and exchange of information about coral reefs scattered throughout the globe.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cell casting

  Cell casting is a method used for creating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets. Liquid monomer is poured between two flat sheets of toughened glass sealed with a rubber gasket and heated for polymerization. Because the glass sheets may contain surface scratches or sag during the process, this traditional method has some disadvantages: among other problems, the PMMA sheets may contain variation

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial

  The Celestial Sphere (also known as the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Sphere) is an armillary sphere artpiece situated in the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, one of the four headquarters of the United Nations. It was donated in 1939 by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation to what was then the League of Nations building. It is today a symbol of Geneva International and of Geneva as the centre of dial

  8/24/2026

• Science

  CellCognition

  CellCognition is a free open-source computational framework for quantitative analysis of high-throughput fluorescence microscopy (time-lapse) images in the field of bioimage informatics and systems microscopy. The CellCognition framework uses image processing, computer vision and machine learning techniques for single-cell tracking and classification of cell morphologies. This enables measurements

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cell–cell fusogens

  Cell–cell fusogens are glycoproteins that facilitate the fusion of cell to cell membranes. Cell–cell fusion is critical for the merging of gamete genomes and the development of organs in multicellular organisms. Cell-cell fusion occurs when both actin cytoskeleton and fusogenic proteins properly rearrange across the cell membrane. This process is led by actin-propelled membrane protrusions.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Celestine Iwendi

  Celestine Iwendi is a professor of artificial intelligence and the head of the Centre of Intelligence of Things (CIoTh) at the University of Bolton. His research focuses on the application of artificial intelligence to the Internet of Things (IoT), network security, privacy-preserving data methods for medical and IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) applications, and sustainable AI for socio-technica

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cartan's lemma

  In mathematics, Cartan's lemma refers to a number of results named after either Élie Cartan or his son Henri Cartan: In exterior algebra: Suppose that v1, ..., vp are linearly independent elements of a vector space V and w1, ..., wp are such that v 1 ∧ w 1

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carnivore

  A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carte du Ciel

  The Carte du Ciel (French pronunciation: [kaʁt dy sjɛl]; literally, 'Map of the Sky') and the Astrographic Catalogue (or Astrographic Chart) were two distinct but connected components of a massive international astronomical project, initiated in the late 19th century, to catalogue and map the positions of millions of stars as faint as 11th or 12th magnitude. Twenty observatories from around the wo

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carrion

  Carrion (from Latin caro 'meat'), also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals. Carrion may be of natural or anthropic origin (e.g. wildlife, human remains, livestock), and enters the food chain via different routes (e.g. animals dying of disease or malnutrition, predators and hunters discarding parts of their prey, collisions with automobiles). Carrion is an important food sour

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cassini's laws

  Cassini's laws provide a compact description of the motion of the Moon. They were established in 1693 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini, a prominent scientist of his time. Refinements of these laws to include physical librations have been made, and they have been generalized to treat other satellites and planets.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carreau fluid

  In fluid dynamics, a Carreau fluid is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid (named after Pierre Carreau) where viscosity, μ eff {\displaystyle \mu _{\operatorname {eff} }} , depends upon the shear rate, γ ˙

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carprofen

  Carprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the carbazole and propionic acid class that was previously for use in humans and animals but is now only available to veterinarians for prescribing as a supportive treatment for various conditions in animals. Carprofen reduces inflammation by inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2; its specificity for COX-2 varies from species to species. Market

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carbon–hydrogen bond

  In chemistry, the carbon–hydrogen bond (C−H bond) is a chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent, single bond, meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens. This completes both of their outer shells, making them stable. Carbon–hydrogen bonds have a bond length of about 1.09 Å (1.09 × 10−

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carbon–hydrogen bond activation

  In organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry, carbon–hydrogen bond activation (C−H activation) is a type of organic reaction in which a carbon–hydrogen bond is cleaved and replaced with a C−X bond (X ≠ H is typically a main group element, like carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen). Some authors further restrict the term C–H activation to reactions in which a C–H bond, one that is typically considered

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carbon–fluorine bond

  The carbon–fluorine bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and fluorine that is a component of all organofluorine compounds. It is one of the strongest single bonds in chemistry (after the B–F single bond, Si–F single bond, and H–F single bond), and relatively short, due to its partial ionic character. The bond also strengthens and shortens as more fluorines are added to the same carbon on a

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carryover effect

  The carryover effect is a term used in clinical chemistry to describe the transfer of unwanted material from one container or mixture to another. It describes the influence of one sample upon the following one. It may be from a specimen, or a reagent, or even the washing medium. The significance of carry over is that even a small amount can lead to erroneous results.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carphologia

  Carphologia (or carphology) is a lint-picking behavior that is often a symptom of a delirious state. Often seen in delirious or semiconscious patients, carphologia describes the actions of picking or grasping at imaginary objects, as well as the patient's own clothes or bed linens. This can be a grave symptom in cases of extreme exhaustion or approaching death.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carrion insects

  Carrion insects (also known as necrophilous insects) are insects associated with decomposing remains. The processes of decomposition begin within a few minutes of death. Decomposing remains offer a temporary, changing site of concentrated resources which are exploited by a wide range of organisms, of which arthropods are often the first to arrive and the predominant exploitive group. However, n

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Carnism

  Carnism is a concept used in discussions of humanity's relation to other animals, defined as a prevailing ideology in which people support the slaughter of animals, especially for meat. Carnism is presented as a dominant belief system supported by a variety of defense mechanisms and mostly unchallenged assumptions. As a dominant ideological system of which meat consumption and animal cruelty are

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carctol

  Carctol is an ineffective cancer treatment made by mixing eight Indian herbs. First promoted in 1968 by Nandlal Tiwari, it gained widespread popularity in United Kingdom. Carctol has been aggressively marketed as being able to treat cancer and reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy. However, there is no medical evidence that it has any benefits whatsoever for people with cancer.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Career Achievement Award

  The Career Achievement Award, also referred to as the Career Achievement Medal, is an award of the Volcanology and Igneous Petrology Division of the Geological Association of Canada. First awarded in 1993, it is given to scientists "in recognition of career achievements in the field of volcanology and/or igneous petrology".

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.

  Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. (CPI), doing business as Guidant Cardiac Rhythm Management, manufactured implantable cardiac rhythm management devices, such as pacemakers and defibrillators. It sold microprocessor-controlled insulin pumps and equipment to regulate heart rhythm. It developed therapies to treat irregular heartbeat. The company was founded in 1971 and is based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cardinal tree

  A cardinal tree (or trie) of degree k, by analogy with cardinal numbers and by opposition with ordinal trees, is a rooted tree in which each node has k positions for an edge to a child. Each node has up to k children and each child of a given node is labeled by a unique integer from the set {1, 2, . . . , k}. For instance, a binary tree is a cardinal tree of degree 2.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carl Theodore Heisel

  Carl Theodore Heisel (1852–1937) was a mathematical crank who wrote several books in the 1930s challenging accepted mathematical truths. Among his claims is that he found a way to square the circle. He is credited with 24 works in 62 publications. Heisel did not charge money for his books; he gave thousands of them away for free. Because of this, they are available at many libraries and universit

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Carlos A. R. Sa de Melo

  Carlos A.R. Sa de Melo is a theoretical condensed matter physicist at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research focuses on atomic and molecular systems.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Casimir effect

  In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field. The term Casimir pressure is sometimes used when it is described in units of force per unit area. It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir, who predicted the effect for electromagnetic systems

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Catalan's constant

  In mathematics, Catalan's constant G is the alternating sum of the reciprocals of the odd square numbers: G = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( − 1 )

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Catenation

  In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain. A chain or a ring may be open if its ends are not bonded to each other (an open-chain compound), or closed if they are bonded in a ring (a cyclic compound). The words to catenate and catenation reflect the Latin root catena, "chain".

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Cartesian tensor

  In geometry and linear algebra, a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components from one such basis to another is done through an orthogonal transformation. The most familiar coordinate systems are the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems. Cartesian tensors may be used

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cascade reaction

  A cascade reaction, also known as a domino reaction or tandem reaction, is a chemical process that comprises at least two consecutive reactions such that each subsequent reaction occurs only in virtue of the chemical functionality formed in the previous step. In cascade reactions, isolation of intermediates is not required, as each reaction composing the sequence occurs spontaneously. In the stric

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Cartesian Perceptual Compression

  Cartesian Perceptual Compression (abbreviated CPC, with filename extension .cpc) is a proprietary image file format. It was designed for high compression of black-and-white raster document imaging for archival scans. CPC is lossy, has no lossless mode, and is restricted to bi-tonal images. The company which controls the patented format claims it is highly effective in the compression of text, bl

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Catapult effect

  In electromagnetics, the catapult description of magnetic forces refers to when a current is passed through a loose wire in a magnetic field. The loose wire is then catapulted horizontally away from the magnetic field. This occurs due to the Lorentz force acting on the electric current in the wire due to the magnetic field.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Catabiosis

  Catabiosis is the process of growing older, aging and physical degradation. The word comes from Greek "kata"—down, against, reverse and "biosis"—way of life and is generally used to describe senescence and degeneration in living organisms and biophysics of aging in general. One of the popular catabiotic theories is the entropy theory of aging, where aging is characterized by thermodynamically favo

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Case hardening of rocks

  Case hardening is a weathering phenomenon of rock surface induration. It is observed commonly in: felsic alkaline rocks, such as nepheline syenite, phonolite and trachyte; pyroclastic rocks, as pyroclastic flow deposit, fine air-fall deposits and vent-filling pyroclastic deposits; sedimentary rocks, as sandstone and mudstone.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Catalyst Science Discovery Centre

  The Catalyst Science Discovery Centre and Museum is a science and technology museum in Widnes, Halton, North-West England. The centre has interactive exhibits, reconstructed historical scenes, an observatory, a live-science theatre and family workshops. It is next to Spike Island, a public park, located between the River Mersey and the Sankey Canal that has woodlands, wetlands, footpaths and indus

  8/24/2026