Scientific News
Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.
Science
Economics
Economics () is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyses what is viewed as the basic elements of economies, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of those interactions. Individual age
8/26/2026
Science
Outline of space science
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science: Space science – field that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.
8/26/2026
Science
Psychologist
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states and perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how individuals relate to each other and to their environments. Psychologists usually acquire a bachelor's degree in psychology, followed by either a master's or
8/26/2026
Science
Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space
The Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is a project led by the European Space Agency (ESA), placing ultra-stable atomic clocks on the International Space Station (ISS). It was launched and installed on the Columbus External Payload Facility in April 2025. Operation in the microgravity environment of the ISS provides a stable and accurate time base for different areas of research, including gene
8/26/2026
Science
Redintegration
Redintegration refers to the restoration of the whole of something from a part of it. The everyday phenomenon is that a small part of a memory can remind a person of the entire memory, for example, “recalling an entire song when a few notes are played.” In cognitive psychology the word is used in reference to phenomena in the field of memory, where it is defined as "the use of long-term knowledge
8/26/2026
Science
Outline of economics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics. Economics is a branch of science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It aims to explain how economies work and how agents (people) respond to incentives. Economics is a behavioral science (a scientific discipline that focuses on the study of human behavior) as well as
8/26/2026
Science
Economic impact analysis
An economic impact analysis (EIA) examines the effect of an event on the economy in a specified area, ranging from a single neighborhood to the entire globe. It usually measures changes in business revenue, business profits, personal wages, and/or jobs. The economic event analyzed can include implementation of a new policy or project, or may simply be the presence of a business or organization. An
8/26/2026
Science
Reward theory of attraction
The reward theory of attraction states that people are attracted to individuals exhibiting behaviors that are rewarding to them, whom they associate with rewarding events, or have positive, fulfilling interactions with. Reward theory was originally developed in the research on interpersonal attraction of the 1960s, a precursor to modern romantic love research. In this early context, "attraction" w
8/26/2026
Science
Rhyme-as-reason effect
The rhyme-as-reason effect, sometimes erroneously known as the Eaton–Rosen phenomenon, is a cognitive bias where sayings or aphorisms are perceived as more accurate or truthful when they rhyme. In experiments, participants evaluated variations of sayings that either rhymed or did not rhyme. Those that rhymed were consistently judged as more truthful, even when the meaning was controlled for. For i
8/26/2026
Science
Social buffering
In social psychology, social buffering is a phenomenon where social connections can alleviate negative consequences of stressful events. Although there are other models and theories to describe how social support can help reduce individuals' stress responses, social buffering hypothesis is one of the dominant ones. According to this idea, social partners, who can be familiar others or conspecifics
8/26/2026
Science
Astrotheology
Astrotheology is a discipline combining the methods and domains of space science with systematic theology. Astrotheology concerns the theological, cultural, and ethical implications of space exploration and identifies the elements of myth and religion in space science. Astrotheology is a "multi-disciplinary branch of theology that takes up the relationship between God and the creation, especially
8/26/2026
Science
Rapture anxiety
Rapture anxiety is a psychological phenomenon characterized by an overwhelming fear or general anxiety concerning the Rapture, an event in dispensational and premillennial Christian eschatologies where it is believed that Jesus Christ will return to Earth and raise faithful Christians into heaven before the apocalypse. In many popular depictions of the Rapture, Christians physically rise into the
8/26/2026
Science
Resilience week
Resilience week is an annual symposium established to enable cross-disciplinary and role based discussions to advance strategies and research that engenders resilience in critical infrastructure systems and communities. Damaging storms, cyber attack and the interconnection of critical infrastructure systems can lead to cascading events that not only affect local but also across regions. However, m
8/26/2026
Science
Economics in film
Santiago Sánchez-Pagés, in The Representation of Economics in Cinema (2021), argues, drawing on Alfred Marshall's definition of economics, that economics is pervasive and therefore "everywhere in cinema", and he links filmmaking to economic modelling through "parallel, symbolic worlds" populated by agents with limited information and constraints shaped by laws, institutions, and social norms. Mili
8/26/2026
Science
Black Birch scientific facilities
The Black Birch Range, located near Blenheim in the Marlborough region of New Zealand, has hosted a number of astronomical and scientific installations. The site was selected for its high altitude, low levels of light pollution, and stable atmospheric conditions, which made it suitable for observational astronomy and related research.
8/26/2026
Science
Ultra-realism
Ultra-realism is a school of thought within the discipline of criminology and the sub-discipline of zemiology. Ultra-realists revisit the fundamental question that underpins both disciplines - why, rather than seek solidarity and cooperation, do specific individuals, groups or institutions choose to risk harm to others as they pursue their own interests? Early proponents of the ultra-realist persp
8/26/2026
Science
Synthetic thinking
Synthetic thinking is a form of thinking that uses the function of a phenomenon within a larger system to explain it. This is in contrast to analytical thinking, which instead divides the system into smaller parts that are more easily explained. An example of synthetic thinking is explaining the organs of the human body in terms of the role they play in the organism, as opposed to analytical think
8/26/2026
Science
Romantic love (mental state)
In fields of the sciences, romantic love refers to the mental state of being passionately attracted to a specific individual, with focused attention (salience), for the purpose of courtship or pair bonding. The state of romantic love is considered to be a motivation or drive, which is distinct from (but related to) the concept of attachment. Laypeople may refer to the state as "being in love". A v
8/26/2026
Science
Black fatigue
Black fatigue is an American expression referring to Black people in the United States experiencing psychological and physical issues driven by factors like systemic racism. Coined by writer Mary Frances Winters in 2020, the term originally carried a neutral tone. However, in the mid-2020s, it was appropriated by right-wing Americans and redefined as a sense of "fatigue" when engaging with Black i
8/26/2026
Science
Chicago School of Psychology
The Chicago School of Psychology was founded by Dr. Herbert A. Parkyn in June 1896, and was the first institution in the United States to teach the scientific and clinical application of Suggestive Therapeutics and Hypnotism. Emerging at a time when hypnosis was still regarded by many as a curiosity or stage performance, the school established a disciplined, medical approach to the subject and bec
8/26/2026
Science
Limerence
Limerence is the mental state of being madly in love or intensely infatuated when reciprocation of the feeling is uncertain. This state is characterized by intrusive thoughts and idealization of the loved one (also called "crystallization"), typically with a desire for reciprocation to form a relationship. This is accompanied by feelings of ecstasy or despair, depending on whether one's feelings s
8/26/2026
Science
Human–AI interaction
Human–AI interaction is a field of research and a sub-field of human–computer interaction, focusing on user experience and psychological factors. With the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI), there has developed a subsection of HCI research dedicated to artificial intelligence and how people interact with and are impacted by it.
8/26/2026
Science
Trion (neural networks)
Trion is a basic unit of the neural network model of cortical organization called trion model. This unit represents a highly structured and interconnected aggregate of about a hundred of neurons with the overall diameter of about 0.7 mm. Each trion has three levels of firing activity, and thus a cluster of trions can produce a complex firing pattern which changes rapidly (millisecond scale) accord
8/26/2026
Science
Talairach coordinates
Talairach coordinates, also known as Talairach space, is a 3-dimensional coordinate system (known as an 'atlas') of the human brain, which is used to map the location of brain structures independent from individual differences in the size and overall shape of the brain. It is still common to use Talairach coordinates in functional brain imaging studies and to target transcranial stimulation of bra
8/26/2026
Science
Trace amine-associated receptor
Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001. TAARs are mainly known for two functions, originally via studies of humans and mammals: TAAR2–TAAR9 work as olfactory receptors expressed by sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium, tuned to detect volatile amine
8/26/2026
Science
Brain-reading
Brain-reading or thought identification uses the responses of multiple voxels in the brain evoked by stimulus then detected by fMRI in order to decode the original stimulus. Advances in research have made this possible by using human neuroimaging to decode a person's conscious experience based on non-invasive measurements of an individual's brain activity. Brain reading studies differ in the type
8/26/2026
Science
Spaced learning
Spaced learning is a learning method in which highly condensed learning content is repeated three times, with two 10-minute breaks during which distractor activities such as physical activities are performed by the students. It is based on the temporal pattern of stimuli for creating long-term memories reported by R. Douglas Fields in Scientific American in 2005. This 'temporal code' Fields used
8/26/2026
Science
Serotonylation
Protein serotonylation refers to the post-translational modification in which the monoamine serotonin is covalently attached to glutamine residues on substrate proteins via transamidation. Serotonylation is a type of monoaminylation, which itself refers to the overall class of post-translational modifications involving monoamines. However, monoaminylation reactions are further classified by the in
8/26/2026
Science
Stochastic resonance (sensory neurobiology)
Stochastic resonance is a phenomenon that occurs in a threshold measurement system (e.g. a man-made instrument or device; a natural cell, organ or organism) when an appropriate measure of information transfer (signal-to-noise ratio, mutual information, coherence, d', etc.) is maximized in the presence of a non-zero level of stochastic input noise thereby lowering the response threshold; the system
8/26/2026
Science
Viral neuronal tracing
Viral neuronal tracing is the use of a virus to trace neural pathways, providing a self-replicating tracer. Viruses have the advantage of self-replication over molecular tracers but can also spread too quickly and cause degradation of neural tissue. Viruses that can infect the nervous system, called neurotropic viruses, spread through spatially close assemblies of neurons through synapses, allowin
8/26/2026
Science
Temporal dynamics of music and language
The temporal dynamics of music and language describes how the brain coordinates its different regions to process musical and vocal sounds. Both music and language feature rhythmic and melodic structure. Both employ a finite set of basic elements (such as tones or words) that are combined in ordered ways to create complete musical or lingual ideas.
8/26/2026
Science
TetTag
The TetTag mouse is a bi-transgenic mutant used in neuroscience research that expresses a persistent marker (e.g. beta-galactosidase) under control of the immediate early gene fos. This mouse strain allows the stable labeling of activated neurons in mice in a defined time window of several hours.
8/26/2026
Science
Stereopsis recovery
Stereopsis recovery, also recovery from stereoblindness, is the phenomenon of a stereoblind person gaining partial or full ability of stereo vision (stereopsis). Recovering stereo vision as far as possible has long been established as an approach to the therapeutic treatment of stereoblind patients. Treatment aims to recover stereo vision in very young children, as well as in patients who had acqu
8/26/2026
Science
Surround suppression
Surround suppression is where the relative firing rate of a neuron may under certain conditions decrease when a particular stimulus is enlarged. It has been observed in electrophysiology studies of the brain and has been noted in many sensory neurons, most notably in the early visual system. Surround suppression is defined as a reduction in the activity of a neuron in response to a stimulus outsid
8/26/2026
Science
Synaptic stabilization
Synaptic stabilization is crucial in the developing and adult nervous systems and is considered a result of the late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP). The mechanism involves strengthening and maintaining active synapses through increased expression of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix elements and postsynaptic scaffold proteins, while pruning less active ones. For example, cell adhesion m
8/26/2026
Science
Torus semicircularis
The torus semicircularis is a region of the vertebrate midbrain that contributes to auditory perception, studied most often in fish and amphibians. It corresponds to the inferior colliculus. Neurons from the medulla project to the nucleus centralis and the nucleus ventrolateralis in the torus semicircularis, providing afferent auditory and hydrodynamic information. Research suggests that these nuc
8/26/2026
Science
Success
Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a success what another person considers a failure, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of succ
8/26/2026
Science
V1 Saliency Hypothesis
The V1 Saliency Hypothesis, or V1SH (pronounced ‘vish’) is a theory about V1, the primary visual cortex (V1). It proposes that the V1 in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously.
8/26/2026
Science
Spike response model
The spike response model (SRM) is a spiking neuron model in which spikes are generated by either a deterministic or a stochastic threshold process. In the SRM, the membrane voltage V is described as a linear sum of the postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) caused by spike arrivals to which the effects of refractoriness and adaptation are added. The threshold is either fixed or dynamic. In the latter case
8/26/2026
Science
Smell training
Smell training or olfactory training is the act of regularly sniffing or exposing oneself to robust aromas with the intention of regaining a sense of smell. The stimulating smells used are often selected from major smell categories, such as aromatic, flowery, fruity, and resinous. Using strong scents, the patient is asked to sniff each different smell for a minimum of 20 seconds, no less than two
8/26/2026
Science
Spongy degeneration of the central nervous system
Spongy degeneration of the central nervous system, also known as Canavan's disease, Van Bogaert-Bertrand type or Aspartoacylase (AspA) deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. It belongs to a group of genetic disorders known as leukodystrophies, where the growth and maintenance of myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) are impaired. There are three types of
8/26/2026
Science
Tamoxifen-induced gene expression
Tamoxifen-induced gene expression is a method used in molecular biology and neuroscience to activate transcription of a specific gene by application of the drug tamoxifen. It is based on the expression of a mutated estrogen receptor (ERT2) fused to Cre recombinase. In the absence of tamoxifen, the receptor is inactive and sequestered in the cytoplasm. When tamoxifen is administered, it binds to ER
8/26/2026
Science
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of broad scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. A professional practitioner or researcher involved
8/26/2026
Science
Binocular vision
In visual science, binocular vision focuses on visual perception with two eyes instead of one. Two main areas are directional vision and depth perception (stereopsis). Both eyes can positively or negatively influence each other's vision through binocular interaction. In medical science, binocular vision refers to binocular vision disorders and tests and exercises to improve binocular vision. In bi
8/26/2026
Science
Analytic hierarchy process
In the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. It was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s; Saaty partnered with Ernest Forman to develop Expert Choice software in 1983, and AHP has been extensively studied and refined since
8/26/2026
Science
Differential association
In criminology, differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. The differential association theory is the most talked about of the learning theories of deviance. This theory focuses on how individuals learn to become criminals, but does not con
8/26/2026
Science
Outline of psychology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to psychology: Psychology refers to the study of subconscious and conscious activities, such as emotions and thoughts. It is a field of study that bridges the scientific and social sciences and has a huge reach. Its goal is to comprehend individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific case
8/26/2026
Science
Body memory hypothesis
Body memory (BM) is a hypothesis that the body itself is capable of storing memories, as opposed to only the brain. While experiments have demonstrated the possibility of cellular memory, there are currently no known means by which tissues other than the brain would be capable of storing memories. Modern usage of BM tends to frame it exclusively in the context of traumatic memory and ways in which
8/26/2026
Science
Binocular disparity
Binocular disparity is the difference between the images from the left and right eyes. This difference can be caused by one or more of the following: horizontal disparity: a difference caused by the left and right eyes looking from slightly different directions, which can cause depth differences between objects to be perceived; vertical disparity, which is associated with vertical misalignments a
8/26/2026
Science
Voltage-sensitive dye
Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes that change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons, large neuronal populations, or activity of myocytes. Many physiological processes are accompanied by changes in cell membrane potential which can be detected with voltage-sensitiv
8/26/2026