Scientific News
Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.
Science
Haptic technology
Haptic technology (also kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch) is technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. These technologies can be used to feel virtual objects and events in a computer simulation, to control virtual objects, and to enhance remote control of machines and devices (telerobotics). Haptic devices may incorporate tactil
8/24/2026
Science
Haploidisation
Haploidisation is the process of halving the chromosomal content of a cell, producing a haploid cell. Within the normal reproductive cycle, haploidisation is one of the major functional consequences of meiosis, the other being a process of chromosomal crossover that mingles the genetic content of the parental chromosomes. Usually, haploidisation creates a monoploid cell from a diploid progenitor,
8/24/2026
Science
Haploinsufficiency
Haploinsufficiency in genetics describes a model of dominant gene action in diploid organisms, in which a single copy of the wild-type allele at a locus in heterozygous combination with a variant allele is insufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype. Haploinsufficiency may arise from a de novo or inherited loss-of-function mutation in the variant allele, such that it yields little or no gene p
8/24/2026
Science
Reset (computing)
In a computer or data transmission system, a reset clears any pending errors or events and brings a system to normal condition or an initial state, usually in a controlled manner. It is usually done in response to an error condition when it is impossible or undesirable for a processing activity to proceed and all error recovery mechanisms fail. A computer storage program would normally perform a "
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, also known by various acronyms such as HiL, HITL, and HWIL, is a technique that is used in the development and testing of complex real-time embedded systems. HIL simulation provides an effective testing platform by adding the complexity of the process-actuator system, known as a plant, to the test platform. The complexity of the plant under control is include
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware compatibility list
A hardware compatibility list (HCL) is a list of computer hardware (typically including many types of peripheral devices) that is compatible with a particular operating system or device management software. The list contains both whole computer systems and specific hardware elements including motherboards, sound cards, and video cards. In today's world, there is a vast amount of computer hardware
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware trojan
A hardware trojan (HT) is a malicious modification of the circuitry of an integrated circuit. A hardware trojan is completely characterized by its physical representation and its behavior. The payload of an HT is the entire activity that the Trojan executes when it is triggered. In general, trojans try to bypass or disable the security fence of a system: for example, leaking confidential informati
8/24/2026
Science
Haplotype-relative-risk
The haplotype-relative-risk (HRR) method is a family-based method for determining gene allele association to a disease in the presence of actual genetic linkage. Nuclear families with one affected child are sampled using the parental haplotypes not transmitted as a control. While similar to the genotype relative risk (RR), the HRR provides a solution to the problem of population stratification by
8/24/2026
Science
Haridatta
Haridatta (c. 683 CE) was an astronomer-mathematician of Kerala, India, who is believed to be the promulgator of the Parahita system of astronomical computations. This system of computations is widely popular in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. According to legends, Haridatta promulgated the Parahita system on the occasion of the Mamankam held in the year 683 CE. Mamankam was a 12-yearly festival held in Th
8/24/2026
Science
Harlan D. Mills Award
Harlan D. Mills Award is an annual award from the IEEE Computer Society created to honor Harlan Mills, a pioneer in software engineering. The first award was presented in 1999, for "contributions to the theory and practice of the information sciences, [focused on] software engineering". The list of awardees is maintained on the IEEE website.
8/24/2026
Science
Hansen Family Award
The Hansen Family Award was established in 2000 by Kurt Hansen – former chairman of the board and supervisory board of Bayer AG. The Bayer Foundation awards the Hansen Family Award, endowed with 75,000 euros, to scientists in the German-speaking region for groundbreaking research in scientific fields related to medicine. It is awarded every two years in alternation with the Otto Bayer Award.
8/24/2026
Science
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology is a university in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. It trains future technical experts in the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, and in the protection of mining and geological environments. The university also serves as a center for research and technology transfer in geology, petroleum, surveying, and mining. Additional programs are offered in
8/24/2026
Science
Hans Stille Medal
The Hans Stille Medal was a scientific award of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (German Society for Geosciences), given to an individual who made outstanding contributions in the fields of geology and earth sciences. The award was named after German tectonicist Hans Stille and suspended in 2016.
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware backdoor
A hardware backdoor is a backdoor implemented within the physical components of a computer system, also known as its hardware. They can be created by introducing malicious code to a component's firmware, or even during the manufacturing process of an integrated circuit. Often, they are used to undermine security in smartcards and cryptoprocessors, unless investment is made in anti-backdoor design
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware security
Hardware security is a discipline originated from the cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity, measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure among other things. A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware-based encryption
Hardware-based encryption is the use of computer hardware to assist software, or sometimes replace software, in the process of data encryption. Typically, this is implemented as part of the processor's instruction set. For example, the AES encryption algorithm (a modern cipher) can be implemented using the AES instruction set on the ubiquitous x86 architecture. Such instructions also exist on the
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware for artificial intelligence
Specialized computer hardware is often used to execute artificial intelligence (AI) programs faster, and with less energy, such as Lisp machines, neuromorphic engineering, event cameras, and physical neural networks. Since 2017, several consumer grade CPUs and SoCs have on-die NPUs. As of 2023, the market for AI hardware is dominated by GPUs. As of the 2020s, AI computation is dominated by graph
8/24/2026
Science
Hardware/software co-design
Hardware/software co-design (often shortened as HW/SW co-design) is a system-level design methodology in which hardware and software components are developed together rather than in isolation. Its goal is to improve system-level metrics such as performance, power consumption, cost, and flexibility by trying out different ways of splitting functionality between hardware and software early in the de
8/24/2026
Science
Grey relational analysis
Grey relational analysis (GRA) was developed by Deng Julong of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. It is one of the most widely used models of grey system theory. GRA uses a specific concept of information. It defines situations with no information as black, and those with perfect information as white. However, neither of these idealized situations ever occurs in real world problems. In
8/24/2026
Science
Group theory
In abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebr
8/24/2026
Science
Gröbner basis
In mathematics, and more specifically in computer algebra, computational algebraic geometry, and computational commutative algebra, a Gröbner basis is a particular kind of generating set of an ideal in a polynomial ring K [ x 1 , … , x n
8/24/2026
Science
Group-velocity dispersion
In optics, group-velocity dispersion (GVD) is a characteristic of a dispersive medium, used most often to determine how the medium affects the duration of an optical pulse traveling through it. Formally, GVD is defined as the derivative of the inverse of group velocity of light in a material with respect to angular frequency, GVD (
8/24/2026
Science
Guanidinonaltrindole
Guanidinonaltrindole may refer to: 5'-Guanidinonaltrindole, an opoid antagonist 6'-Guanidinonaltrindole, an opoid receptor
8/24/2026
Science
Ground substance
Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space of animals that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin. Ground substance is active in the development, movement, and proliferation of tissues, as well as their metabolism. Additionally, cells use it for support, water storage, binding, and a me
8/24/2026
Science
Ground pressure
Ground pressure is the pressure exerted on the ground by the tires or tracks of a motorized vehicle, and is one measure of its potential mobility, especially over soft ground. It also applies to the feet of a walking person or machine. Pressure is measured in the SI unit of pascals (Pa). Average ground pressure can be calculated using the standard formula for average pressure: P = F/A. In an id
8/24/2026
Science
Guest star (astronomy)
In Chinese astronomy, a guest star (Chinese: 客星; pinyin: kèxīng) is a star which has suddenly appeared in a place where no star had previously been observed and becomes invisible again after some time. The term is a literal translation from ancient Chinese astronomical records. Modern astronomy recognizes that guest stars are manifestations of cataclysmic variable stars: novae and supernovae. The
8/24/2026
Science
Group medical practice in the United States
Group medical practices practice medicine by physicians who share resources. There are approximately 230,187 physician practices in the United States. Among the physician practices, 16.5% had only one office-based physician in 2016. Physician group practices with 2-4 physicians make up 22.3% of physician offices in the United States, 19.8% have 5-10 physicians, 12.1% have 11-24 physicians, 6.3% ha
8/24/2026
Science
Grindometer
A grindometer is a device used to measure the particle size of suspensions, typically inks such as those used in printing, or paints. It consists of a steel block with a channel of varying depth machined into it, starting at a convenient depth for the type of suspension to be measured, and becoming shallower until it ends flush with the block's surface. The depth of the groove is marked off on a
8/24/2026
Science
Guided imagery
Guided imagery (also known as guided affective imagery, or katathym-imaginative psychotherapy) is a mind-body intervention by which a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate mental images that simulate or recreate the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images associated with touch, such as texture, temperature, and pres
8/24/2026
Science
Groombridge Transit Circle
Groombridge Transit Circle was a meridian transit circle made by Edward Troughton for the English astronomer Stephen Groombridge in 1806, which Groombridge used to compile data for the star catalogue, Catalogue of Circumpolar Stars. The advantage of a transit circle over a mural circle (which can measure polar distances) is that it allows measuring right ascension and declination at the same time.
8/24/2026
Science
Grinberg Method
The Grinberg Method is a method of teaching that focuses on using the body, specifically body attention, perception and the individual's direct personal experience. The goal is for people to learn to be attentive to themselves and their surroundings, and stop automatic limiting habits in order to increase their ability to recuperate, and attain personal goals and well-being. The method was develop
8/24/2026
Science
Gua Operon
The gua operon is responsible for regulating the synthesis of guanosine mono phosphate (GMP), a purine nucleotide, from inosine monophosphate (IMP or inosinate). It consists of two structural genes guaB (encodes for IMP dehydrogenase or and guaA (encodes for GMP synthetase) apart from the promoter and operator region.
8/24/2026
Science
Grey box model
In mathematics, statistics, and computational modelling, a grey box model combines a partial theoretical structure with data to complete the model. The theoretical structure may vary from information on the smoothness of results, to models that need only parameter values from data or existing literature. Thus, almost all models are grey box models as opposed to black box where no model form is ass
8/24/2026
Science
Grupo de Astronomía y Ciencias del Espacio
The Grupo de Astronomía y Ciencias del Espacio (Group of Astronomy and Space Sciences, GACE-UV) is an astrophysics research group, part of the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) in the University of Valencia. It is located in the Parc Científic in Paterna, Valencia.
8/24/2026
Science
Gröbner fan
In computer algebra, the Gröbner fan of an ideal in the ring of polynomials is a concept in the theory of Gröbner bases. It is defined to be a fan consisting of cones that correspond to different monomial orders on that ideal. The concept was introduced by Mora and Robbiano in 1988. The result is a weaker version of the result presented in the same issue of the journal by Bayer and Morrison. Gröb
8/24/2026
Science
Groeve Moerslag
Groeve Moerslag is a limestone quarry and geological monument located in the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten, Netherlands. The above-ground quarry is situated on the Bukel, northeast of Moerslag in the Herkenradergrub, southwest of Sint Geertruid, and at the southern edge of the Eijsderbos, part of the Savelsbos. The open-pit quarry is located at the western edge of the Plateau of Margraten wher
8/24/2026
Science
Grupo Fertiberia
Group Fertiberia (in English: Fertiberia Group) is a Spanish business conglomerate in the chemical industry. It has been operating since 1995 and has its origins in the historical company Fertiberia, whose activities have expanded throughout Spain, France and Portugal. Today, the group is one of the leading producers of fertilizers, ammonia and its byproducts in the European Union.
8/24/2026
Science
Grossone
A grossone (symbol ①) is a numeral intended to allow for the performance of numerical computations with infinities and infinitesimals. In the grossone framework, ① is introduced as a natural number which is assigned the properties which would be possessed by a last element of the set of natural numbers, such as would be seen with, for example, the quantity being approached with a limit increasing
8/24/2026
Science
H. A. Rey
H. A. Rey (born Hans Augusto Reyersbach; September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was a German-born American illustrator and author, known best for the series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created about Curious George.
8/24/2026
Science
HOOD method
HOOD (Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design) is a detailed software design method. It is based on hierarchical decomposition of a software problem. It comprises textual and graphical representations of the design. HOOD was initially created for the European Space Agency (1987) and is used in such varied domains as aerospace (Eurofighter Typhoon, Helios 2 Earth Observation ground control, Ariane 5 on-b
8/24/2026
Science
Gödel Prize
The Gödel Prize is an annual prize for outstanding papers in the area of theoretical computer science, given jointly by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) and the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computational Theory (ACM SIGACT). The award is named in honor of Kurt Gödel. Gödel's connection to theoretical computer science
8/24/2026
Science
Habitable zone
In astronomy and astrobiology, the habitable zone (HZ), also known as the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or as the Goldilocks zone, is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface could potentially support liquid water. Liquid water is considered by many scientists as necessary for a planet to be habitable. The range depends upon the brightness of the star interacting wi
8/24/2026
Science
Habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ecological niche. Thus "habitat" is a species-specific term, fundamentally different from concepts such as environment or vegetation assemblages, for which the
8/24/2026
Science
Haber's rule
In toxicology, Haber's rule or Haber's law is a mathematical statement of the relationship between the concentration of a poisonous gas and how long the gas must be breathed to produce death, or other toxic effect. The rule was formulated by German chemist Fritz Haber in the early 1900s.
8/24/2026
Science
HPE OpenCall
HPE OpenCall is a range of network and telephony products offered by the "Communications & Media Solutions" branch of technology company HPE. It is most commonly described as a suite of software and hardware applications which allow implementation of common telecom operator services such as voicemail, sms (short message service), prepaid, billing, hlr, etc. It implements industry standard telecom
8/24/2026
Science
Gulkand
Gulkand (also written gulqand or gulkhand) is a sweet preserve of rose petals originating in the Indian subcontinent. The term is derived from Persian; gul (rose) and qand (sugar/sweet).
8/24/2026
Science
HABU equivalent
The HABU equivalent is a unit of measurement used by United States Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Modernization Program to evaluate the performance of large computers systems. "The [HPCMP method for measuring system performance] is as follows: the ratio of time [for a given benchmark application] at a target processor count provides a relative measure of the system's performanc
8/24/2026
Science
Gyrovector space
A gyrovector space is a mathematical concept proposed by Abraham A. Ungar for studying hyperbolic geometry in analogy to the way vector spaces are used in Euclidean geometry. Ungar introduced the concept of gyrovectors that have addition based on gyrogroups instead of vectors which have addition based on groups. Ungar developed his concept as a tool for the formulation of special relativity as
8/24/2026
Science
HARPS-N
HARPS-N, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere is a high-precision radial-velocity spectrograph, installed at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, a 3.58-metre telescope located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. HARPS-N is the counterpart for the Northern Hemisphere of the similar HARPS instrumen
8/24/2026
Science
HBJ model
In computer science, the Helman-Bader-JaJa model is a concise message-passing model of parallel computing defined with the following parameters: p {\displaystyle p} is number of processors. n {\displaystyle n} is the problem size. m {\displaystyle m} is number of ma
8/24/2026