Scientific News

Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.

• 

  Science

  G protein-coupled receptor

  G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. They are coupled with G proteins. They pass th

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GC-content

  In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or G+C content or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C). This measure indicates the proportion of G and C bases out of an implied four total bases, also including adenine and thymine in DNA and adenine and uracil in RNA. GC-content may be given for a certai

  8/24/2026

• Science

  G-factor (physics)

  A g-factor (also called g value) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of a whole atom, a particle, or a nucleus. It is the ratio of the magnetic moment (or, equivalently, the gyromagnetic ratio) of a particle to that expected of a classical particle of the same charge and angular momentum. In nuclear physics, the nuclear magneton replaces the clas

  8/24/2026

• Science

  G. K. Gilbert Award

  The G. K. Gilbert Award is presented annually by the Planetary Geology Division of the Geological Society of America for outstanding contributions to the solution of fundamental problems in planetary geology in the broadest sense, which includes geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, geophysics, geologic mapping, and remote sensing. Such contributions may consist either of a single outstanding publ

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GABA receptor antagonist

  GABA receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA. In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdoses of sedative drugs. Examples include bicuculline, securinine and metrazol, and the benzodiazepine GABAA receptor antagonist flumazenil. Other agents which may have GABAA receptor antagonism include the antibiotic cipro

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GLOH

  GLOH (Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram) is a robust image descriptor that can be used in computer vision tasks. It is a SIFT-like descriptor that considers more spatial regions for the histograms. An intermediate vector is computed from 17 location and 16 orientation bins, for a total of 272-dimensions. Principal components analysis (PCA) is then used to reduce the vector size to 128 (s

  8/24/2026

• Science

  G. K. Warren Prize

  The G. K. Warren Prize is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for noteworthy and distinguished accomplishment in fluviatile geology and closely related aspects of the geological sciences." Named in honor of Gouverneur Kemble Warren, it was first awarded in 1969 and has been awarded every four years since 1982.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Förster coupling

  Förster coupling is the resonant energy transfer between excitons within adjacent QD's (quantum dots). The first studies of Forster were performed in the context of the sensitized luminescence of solids. Here, an excited sensitizer atom can transfer its excitation to a neighbouring acceptor atom, via an intermediate virtual photon. This same mechanism has also been shown to be responsible for exci

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Future of Earth

  The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity. An uncertain factor is the influence of human technology such as

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Future of mathematics

  The progression of both the nature of mathematics and individual mathematical problems into the future is a widely debated topic; many past predictions about modern mathematics have been misplaced or completely false, so there is reason to believe that many predictions today will follow a similar path. However, the subject still carries an important weight and has been written about by many notabl

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GPU switching

  GPU switching is a mechanism used on computers with multiple graphic controllers. This mechanism allows the user to either maximize the graphic performance or prolong battery life by switching between the graphic cards. It is mostly used on gaming laptops which usually have an integrated graphic device and a discrete video card.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  G parity

  In particle physics, G parity is a multiplicative quantum number that results from the generalization of C parity (charge conjugation) to multiplets of particles. It was introduced by Louis Michel in 1953 as isotopic parity, and later introduced as G parity by T.D. Lee and C.N. Yang in 1956.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GEOS-3

  GEOS-3, or Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite 3, or GEOS-C, was the third and final satellite as part of NASA's Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite/Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite program (NGSP) to better understand and test satellite tracking systems. For GEOS 1 and GEOS 2, the acronym stands for Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite; this was changed for GEOS-3.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GRE Biology Test

  The GRE subject test in biology was a standardized test in the United States created by the Educational Testing Service, and was designed to assess a candidate's potential for graduate or post-graduate study in the field of biology. The test was comprehensive and covered—in equal proportions—molecular biology, organismal biology, and ecology and evolution. ETS took the decision to discontinue the

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Fungistatics

  Fungistatics are anti-fungal agents that inhibit the growth of fungus (without killing the fungus). The term fungistatic may be used as both a noun and an adjective. Fungistatics have applications in agriculture, the food industry, the paint industry, and medicine.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GNC hypothesis

  The GNC hypothesis or GNC-SNS primeval genetic code hypothesis refers to a hypothesis about the origin of genes. It suggests the universal genetic code originated not from a three-amino acid system, but from a four-amino acid system. It is this GNC code encoding [GADV]-proteins which is the most primitive genetic code. This hypothesis was first proposed by Kenji Ikehara at Nara Women's University

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GMO conspiracy theories

  GMO conspiracy theories are conspiracy theories related to the production and sale of genetically modified crops and genetically modified food (also referred to as genetically modified organisms or "GMOs"). These conspiracy theories include claims that agribusinesses, especially Monsanto, have suppressed data showing that GMOs cause harm, deliberately cause food shortages to promote the use of GM

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Fusion of anyons

  Anyon fusion is the process by which multiple anyons behave as one larger composite anyon. Anyon fusion is essential to understanding the physics of non-abelian anyons and how they can be used in quantum information.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Félix I

  Félix I (officially "F-360-BD") was a Brazilian Army Technical School (today's Military Institute of Engineering) project led by Lieutenant Colonel Manoel dos Santos Lage which aimed, in 1959, to launch the Flamengo cat into space. But the project was canceled due to pressure from animal advocacy groups, and the launch never took place.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GRAVITY (Very Large Telescope)

  GRAVITY is an instrument on the interferometer of the Very Large Telescope (VLTI). It either combines the light of the four Unit Telescopes (UT) or the smaller four Auxiliary Telescopes. The instrument works with adaptive optics and provides a resolution of 4 milliarcseconds (mas) and can measure the position of astronomical objects down to a few 10 microarcseconds (μas). VLTI GRAVITY has a collec

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galaxy formation and evolution

  In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, a

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galaxy

  A galaxy is a physical system of stars, planetary systems, stellar remnants, substellar objects, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek galaxias (γαλαξίας), meaning 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, range in size from dwarfs with less than a

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GRE Physics Test

  The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) physics test is an examination administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The test attempts to determine the extent of the examinees' understanding of fundamental principles of physics and their ability to apply them to problem solving. Many graduate schools require applicants to take the exam and base admission decisions in part on the results. Th

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galactic astronomy

  Galactic astronomy is the study of the Milky Way galaxy and all its contents. This is in contrast to extragalactic astronomy, which is the study of everything outside our galaxy, including all other galaxies. Galactic astronomy should not be confused with galaxy formation and evolution, which is the general study of galaxies, their formation, structure, components, dynamics, interactions, and the

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galactic coordinate system

  The galactic coordinate system (GCS) is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned with the approximate center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed convention, meaning that coordinates are positive toward the north

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Gaia hypothesis

  The Gaia hypothesis (), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet. The Gaia hypothesis was formulated by the chemist James Lovelock and co-developed by the m

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galaxy morphological classification

  Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance, shape, structure, and distribution of light. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Galley division

  In arithmetic, the galley method, also known as the batello or the scratch method, was the most widely used method of division in use prior to 1600. The names galea and batello refer to a boat which the outline of the work was thought to resemble. An earlier version of this method was used as early as 825 by Al-Khwarizmi. The galley method is thought to be of Arab origin and is most effective wh

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gallate

  Gallate may refer to: gallic acid salt, a salt or ester of gallic acid gallium salt, a salt containing oxyanions of gallium

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galileo affair

  The Galileo affair was an early 17th century political, religious, and scientific controversy regarding the astronomer Galileo Galilei's defence of heliocentrism, the idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun. It pitted supporters and opponents of Galileo within both the Catholic Church and academia against each other through two phases: an interrogation and condemnation of Galileo's ideas by a

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gag-onc fusion protein

  The gag-onc fusion protein is a general term for a fusion protein formed from a group-specific antigen ('gag') gene and that of an oncogene ('onc'), a gene that plays a role in the development of a cancer. The oncogene can originate from the host or be already present in the virus. In the latter case, the fusion is also called Gag-v-Onc, with "v" indicating that the Onc sequence resides in a viral

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GalileoMobile

  GalileoMobile is a non-profit science education organization that brings astronomy closer to young people worldwide. The GalileoMobile emphasis is on regions with little or no access to knowledge about astronomy. Created in late 2008 on an inspiration from the 2009 International Year of Astronomy, GalileoMobile is run by a group of astronomers, educators, and science communicators. The GalileoMob

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Galactic Bridges and Tails

  Galactic Bridges and Tails is a computer animation film created in 1972 by astrophysicists Alar Toomre and Juri Toomre. The brothers created the film as a teaching aid to accompany their 1972 landmark research paper of the same name, published in The Astrophysical Journal, which described galaxy collisions and galaxy mergers.

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galactic quadrant

  In stellar cartography, a galactic quadrant, or quadrant of the Galaxy, is a major region of space encompassing a portion of a galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is divided into four circular sectors of such quadrants.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  GRE Chemistry Test

  The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Subject Test in Chemistry was a standardized test in the United States created by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). Designed to assess a candidate's potential for graduate or post-graduate study, the exam covered various chemistry subfields: analytical chemistry (15%), inorganic chemistry (25%), organic chemistry (30%), and physical chemistry (30%). Unli

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Galilean electromagnetism

  Galilean electromagnetism is a formal electromagnetic field theory that is consistent with Galilean invariance. Galilean electromagnetism is useful for describing the electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of charged bodies moving at non-relativistic speeds relative to the frame of reference. The resulting mathematical equations are simpler than the fully relativistic forms because certain c

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Galaxy H-Alpha Fabry-Perot System

  The Galaxy Hα Fabry-Perot System for WHT (GHaFaS) is an astronomical instrument installed on the 4.2 metre William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the Canary island of La Palma. First light was on 6 July 2007. Its name is a play on the acronym: Galaxy Hα Fabry-Perot System and the Spanish word "gafas" meaning spectacles. It produces maps, in intensity and velocity

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Galilei-covariant tensor formulation

  The Galilei-covariant tensor formulation is a method for treating non-relativistic physics using the extended Galilei group as the representation group of the theory. It is constructed in the light cone of a five dimensional manifold. Takahashi et al., in 1988, began a study of Galilean symmetry, where an explicitly covariant non-relativistic field theory could be developed. The theory is construc

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  GS-NDG-9422

  GS-NDG-9422 is a nebular dominated galaxy in the constellation Fornax that was discovered by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Scientists assume that the galaxy's light comes mostly from superheated gas (more than 80 000 degrees Celsius).

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Game theory

  Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by the losses and gains of the other participant. In the 1950s, it

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Gamma-ray burst

  In gamma-ray astronomy, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely energetic events occurring in distant galaxies that represent the brightest and most powerful class of explosion in the Universe. These extreme electromagnetic emissions are second only to the Big Bang as the most energetic and luminous phenomena known. Gamma-ray bursts can last from a few milliseconds to several hours. After the initia

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Haplotype

  A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material (DNA) which is inherited from two parents. Normally these organisms have their DNA organized in two sets of pairwise similar chromosomes. The offspring gets one chromosome in each pair from each parent. A set of pairs of chromosomes is called

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Garrison Creek (Ontario)

  Garrison Creek was a short stream about 7.7 kilometres (4.8 miles) long that flowed southeast into the west side of Toronto Harbour in Ontario, Canada. It has been largely covered over and filled in, but geographical traces of the creek can still be found, including the natural amphitheatre known as Christie Pits and the off-leash dog "bowl" of Trinity Bellwoods Park. The name "Garrison Creek" wa

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gardner–Salinas braille codes

  The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a proposed method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The most common form of Gardner–Salinas braille is the 8-cell variety, commonly called GS8. There is also a corresponding 6-cell form called GS6. The codes were developed as a replacement for Nemeth Braille by John A. Ga

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gambling and information theory

  Statistical inference might be thought of as gambling theory applied to real-world events. The myriad applications for logarithmic information measures inform optimal decisions when given partial information. In that sense, information theory can be considered a formal expression of the theory of gambling, since they are games of chance.

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gallium chloride

  Gallium chloride may refer to: Gallium trichloride (gallium(III) chloride/digallium hexachloride), GaCl3 Gallium dichloride (gallium(I,III) chloride/digallium tetrachloride), GaCl2 (GaGaCl4) Gallium monochloride (gallium(I) chloride), GaCl

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Game without a value

  In the mathematical theory of games, in particular the study of zero-sum continuous games, not every game has a minimax value. This is the expected value to one of the players when both play a perfect strategy (which is to choose from a particular PDF). This article gives an example of a zero-sum game that has no value. It is due to Sion and Wolfe. Zero-sum games with a finite number of pure st

  8/24/2026

• Science

  Gallium sulfide

  Gallium sulfide may refer to: Gallium(III) sulfide, Ga2S3 Gallium(II) sulfide, GaS Thiogallate cations containing gallium and sulfur

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Gamma-ray astronomy

  Gamma-ray astronomy is a subfield of astronomy where scientists observe and study celestial objects and phenomena in outer space which emit cosmic electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays, i.e. photons with the highest energies (above 100 keV) at the very shortest wavelengths. X-ray astronomy uses the next lower energy range, X-ray radiation, with energy below 100 keV. In most cases, ga

  8/24/2026

• 

  Science

  Garden waste dumping

  Garden waste, or green waste dumping is the act of discarding or depositing garden waste somewhere it does not belong. Garden waste is the accumulated plant matter from gardening activities which involve cutting or removing vegetation, i.e. cutting the lawn, weed removal, hedge trimming or pruning consisting of lawn clippings. leaf matter, wood and soil. The composition and volume of garden wa

  8/24/2026