Scientific News

Articles across mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.

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  Science

  Vulcan (hypothetical planet)

  Vulcan () was a proposed planet that some pre-20th century astronomers thought existed in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Speculation about, and even purported observations of, intermercurial bodies or planets date back to the beginning of the 17th century. The case for their probable existence was bolstered by the support of the French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier, who had predicted the

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Volcano

  A volcano is a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Vulcan, Alberta

  Vulcan is a town in southern Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by Vulcan County. It is on Highway 23, midway between the cities of Calgary and Lethbridge. The population of the town was 1,769 in 2021. Now known as the "Official Star Trek Capital of Canada", Vulcan has a tourism building made to look like a landed space station, a statue of the original series' USS Enterprise, and other Star Trek

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Vug

  A vug, vugh, or vugg () is a small- to medium-sized cavity inside rock. It may be formed through a variety of processes. Most commonly, cracks and fissures opened by tectonic activity (folding and faulting) are partially filled by quartz, calcite, and other secondary minerals. Open spaces within breccias formed by an ancient collapse are another important source of vugs. Vugs may also form when mi

  8/25/2026

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  Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie

  Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie (German pronunciation: [ˈfoːɐ̯ˌleːzʊŋən ˈyːbɐ ˈtsaːlənteoˌʁiː]; German for Lectures on Number Theory) is the name of several different textbooks of number theory. The best known was written by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and Richard Dedekind, and published in 1863. Others were written by Leopold Kronecker, Edmund Landau, and Helmut Hasse. They all cover elementary

  8/25/2026

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  Vortex tube

  The vortex tube, also known as the Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube, is a mechanical device that separates a compressed gas into hot and cold streams. The gas emerging from the hot end can reach temperatures of 200 °C (390 °F), and the gas emerging from the cold end can reach −50 °C (−60 °F). It has no moving parts, but has poor energy efficiency. Pressurised gas is injected tangentially into a swirl cha

  8/25/2026

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  Vowel–consonant synthesis

  Vowel–consonant synthesis is a type of hybrid digital–analogue synthesis developed and employed by the early Casiotone keyboards. It employs two digital waveforms, which are mixed and filtered by a static lowpass filter, with different filter positions selected for use according to presets. The filters are modeled on the frequencies present in the human vocal tract, hence the name given by Casio t

  8/25/2026

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  Volume fraction

  In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction φ i {\displaystyle \varphi _{i}} is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing: φ i =

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Volvelle

  A volvelle or wheel chart is a type of slide chart, a paper construction with rotating parts. It is considered an early example of a paper analog computer. Volvelles have been produced to accommodate organization and calculation in many diverse subjects. Early examples of volvelles are found in the pages of astronomy books. A moveable device for working out the position of the sun and moon in the

  8/25/2026

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  Vortex breaker

  A vortex breaker is a device used in engineering to stop the formation of a vortex when a fluid (liquid or gas) is drained from a vessel such as a tank or vapor–liquid separator. The formation of vortices can entrain vapor in the liquid stream, leading to poor separation in process steps such as distillation or excessive pressure drop, or causing cavitation of downstream pumps. Vortices can also

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Vuilleumier cycle

  The Vuilleumier cycle was patented by a Swiss-American engineer named Rudolph Vuilleumier in 1918. The purpose of Vuilleumier's machine was to create a heat pump that would use heat at high temperature as energy input. The Vuilleumier cycle...utilize[s] working gas expansion and compression at three variable volume spaces in order to pump heat from a low to a moderate temperature level. The intere

  8/25/2026

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  Vortex core line

  In scientific visualization, a vortex core line is a line-like feature tracing the center of a vortex with in a velocity field.

  8/25/2026

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  Volatolomics

  Volatolomics is a branch of chemistry that studies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by a biological system, under specific experimental conditions.

  8/25/2026

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  Von Foerster equation

  The McKendrick–von Foerster equation is a linear first-order partial differential equation encountered in several areas of mathematical biology – for example, demography and cell proliferation modeling; it is applied when age structure is an important feature in the mathematical model. It was first presented by Anderson Gray McKendrick in 1926 as a deterministic limit of lattice models applied to

  8/25/2026

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  Science

  Von Baeyer nomenclature

  In organic chemistry, the von Baeyer nomenclature is a system for describing polycyclic (i.e. multi-ringed) hydrocarbons. The system was originally developed in 1900 by German chemist Adolf von Baeyer for bicyclic systems and in 1913 expanded by Eduard Buchner and Wilhelm Weigand for tricyclic systems. The system has been adopted and extended by the IUPAC as part of its nomenclature for organic ch

  8/25/2026

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  Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry

  N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Новосибирский институт органической химии имени Н. Н. Ворожцова СО РАН) is a research institute in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1958.

  8/25/2026

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  Volcanogenic

  Volcanogenic means "created by a volcano". It may refer to: Volcanogenic lake Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit Volcanogenic tsunami

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  Vojin G. Oklobdzija

  Vojin G. Oklobdzija (Cyrillic: Војин Г. Оклобџија) is a computer and electronics engineer, scientist, author, and academic. He is professor emeritus of the University of California, Life Fellow of IEEE and past President of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society.

  8/25/2026

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  Vorlesungen über die Entwicklung der Mathematik im 19. Jahrhundert

  Vorlesungen über die Entwicklung der Mathematik im 19. Jahrhundert (German for 'Lectures on the Development of Mathematics in the 19th Century') is a book by Felix Klein that was published posthumously in two volumes (volumes 24 and 25 of Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften) in 1926 and 1927. Felix Klein had lectured on the development of mathematics in the 19th century and then on rela

  8/25/2026

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  Veterinary pharmacist

  A veterinary pharmacist is a specially trained pharmacist who dispenses veterinary drugs and supplies or products and advice to owners of companion animals and livestock. In addition, they advise the regulatory bodies and are involved in the formulation of veterinary drugs. Veterinary pharmacy is a field of pharmacy practice, in which veterinary pharmacists may compound medications, fill prescript

  8/25/2026

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  Vincent's theorem

  In mathematics, Vincent's theorem—named after Alexandre Joseph Hidulphe Vincent—is a theorem that isolates the real roots of polynomials with rational coefficients. Even though Vincent's theorem is the basis of the fastest method for the isolation of the real roots of polynomials, it was almost totally forgotten, having been overshadowed by Sturm's theorem; consequently, it does not appear in any

  8/25/2026

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  Vibrational circular dichroism

  Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) is a spectroscopic technique which detects differences in attenuation of left and right circularly polarized light passing through a sample. It is the extension of circular dichroism spectroscopy into the infrared and near infrared ranges. Because VCD is sensitive to the mutual orientation of distinct groups in a molecule, it provides three-dimensional structur

  8/25/2026

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  Viehland–Mason theory

  The Viehland–Mason theory is a two-temperature theory for charged and neutral atoms, which explains how trace ions can have a substantially different temperature than dilute gas atoms. It is one of any of a number of kinetic theories of the transport of trace amounts of molecular ions through neutral gases under the influence of a uniform electrostatic field. Larry Viehland and Edward A. Mason dev

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  Veterinary pathology

  Veterinary pathologists are veterinarians who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided into two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Other than the diagnosis of disease in food-producing animals, companion animals, zoo animals and wildlife, veterinary pathologists also

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  Vibration

  In mechanics, vibration (from Latin vibrāre 'to shake') is an oscillation of matter about an equilibrium point. Vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely (e.g. the periodic motion of a pendulum), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically (e.g. the movement of a tire on a gravel road). Vibration can be desirable: for example, the motio

  8/25/2026

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  Vetlesen Prize

  The Vetlesen Prize is a prize in geology awarded jointly by Columbia University's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation. The prize is generally regarded as the highest distinction in geologic studies, and the "Nobel Prize for geology".

  8/25/2026

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  Viniferin

  Viniferin may refer to: α-Viniferin, a stilbine trimer β-Viniferin, a resveratrol cyclic tetramer δ-Viniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer ε-Viniferin, a resveratrol dimer γ-Viniferin, a more highly polymerised oligomer of resveratrol R-Viniferin, a synonym for the stilbenoid Vitisin B R2-Viniferin, a synonym for the stilbenoid Vitisin A

  8/25/2026

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  Vflo

  Vflo is a commercially available, physics-based distributed hydrologic model generated by Vieux & Associates, Inc. Vflo uses radar rainfall data for hydrologic input to simulate distributed runoff. Vflo employs GIS maps for parameterization via a desktop interface. The model is suited for distributed hydrologic forecasting in post-analysis and in continuous operations. Vflo output is in the for

  8/25/2026

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  Veterinary public health

  Veterinary public health (VPH) is a component of public health that focuses on the application of veterinary science to protect and improve the physical, mental and social well-being of humans. In several countries activities related to VPH are organized by the chief veterinary officer. Conventionally veterinary public health as a topic covers the following areas:

  8/25/2026

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  Victor A. Prather Award

  The Victor A. Prather Award is an award established by the American Astronautical Society "to promote understanding of high altitude environment on humans." It is awarded to "researchers, engineers and flight crew members in the field of extravehicular protection or activity in space." The award is in honor of Victor A. Prather, a Naval flight surgeon.

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  Vibroscope

  Vibroscope (Latin: vibrare 'vibrate' + scope) is an instrument for observing and tracing (and sometimes recording) vibration. For example, a primitive mechanical vibroscope consists of a vibrating object with a pointy end which leaves a wave trace on a smoked surface of a rotating cylinder. Vibroscopes are used to study properties of substances. For examples, polymers' torsional modulus and Young'

  8/25/2026

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  Vibratory fluidized bed

  Vibratory Fluidized Bed (VFB) is a type of fluidized bed where the mechanical vibration enhances the performance of fluidization process. Since the first discovery of vibratory fluidized bed, its vibration properties proves to be more efficient in dealing with fine particles which appears to be very difficult to achieve with normal fluidized bed. Even though numerous publications and its popularit

  8/25/2026

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  Victorium

  Victorium, originally named monium, is a mixture of gadolinium and terbium. In 1898, English chemist William Crookes reported his discovery of it in his inaugural address as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He identified the new substance, based on an analysis of the unique phosphorescence and other ultraviolet-visible spectral phenomena, as a new chemical elem

  8/25/2026

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  Vicarious Hypothesis

  The Vicarious Hypothesis, or hypothesis vicaria, was a planetary hypothesis proposed by Johannes Kepler to describe the motion of Mars. The hypothesis adopted the circular orbit and equant of Ptolemy's planetary model as well as the heliocentrism of the Copernican model. Calculations using the Vicarious Hypothesis did not support a circular orbit for Mars, leading Kepler to propose elliptical orbi

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  Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art

  Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art is a textbook on mathematics and art. It was written by mathematicians Marc Frantz and Annalisa Crannell, and published in 2011 by the Princeton University Press (ISBN 9780691125923). The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended it for inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

  8/25/2026

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  Video imprint (computer vision)

  Proposed as an extension of image epitomes in the field of video content analysis, video imprint is obtained by recasting video contents into a fixed-sized tensor representation regardless of video resolution or duration. Specifically, statistical characteristics are retained to some degrees so that common video recognition tasks can be carried out directly on such imprints, e.g., event retrieval,

  8/25/2026

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  Vietoris–Rips filtration

  In topological data analysis, the Vietoris–Rips filtration (sometimes shortened to "Rips filtration") is the collection of nested Vietoris–Rips complexes on a metric space created by taking the sequence of Vietoris–Rips complexes over an increasing scale parameter. Often, the Vietoris–Rips filtration is used to create a discrete, simplicial model on point cloud data embedded in an ambient metric s

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  Vienna, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, MS 5203

  Vienna ÖNB 5203 is a fifteenth-century astronomical multiple-text (and multi-graphical), miscellany manuscript conserved at the Austrian National Library (Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek). One of the main features of this codex is that it has been largely copied by the hand of Regiomontanus, a famous German mathematician, astrologer and astronomer of the fifteenth century. Apart from Regiomont

  8/25/2026

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  Vinod Menon

  Vinod M. Menon is a physicist who is a professor of physics at the City College of New York (CCNY) and the Graduate Center, CUNY, where he directs the Laboratory for Nano and Micro Photonics. He is known for experimental research on light-matter interactions in low-dimensional and quantum materials, in particular exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by the strong coupling

  8/25/2026

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  Virial theorem

  In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy of a stable system of discrete particles, bound by a conservative force, with that of the total potential energy of the system. Mathematically, the theorem states that ⟨ T ⟩ = − 1

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  Vitamin C2

  Vitamin C2 or Vitamin C2 is not a widely recognized term in modern scientific classification. However, it has been historically or erroneously used to refer to various substances, including: A proprietary trademarked name for a combination of calcium ascorbate and ascorbyl palmitate, marketed as a blend of "water-soluble" and "fat-soluble" vitamin C. Vitamin P, a historical term once used for cer

  8/25/2026

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  Virus classification

  Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause. The formal taxonomic classification of viruses is the responsibility of

  8/25/2026

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  Virtual particle

  A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited by the uncertainty principle, which allows the virtual particles to spontaneously emerge from vacuum at short time and space ranges. The concept of virtual particles arises in the perturbation theory of quantum field theory (QFT) where interac

  8/25/2026

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  Virtual environment

  A virtual environment is a networked application that allows a user to interact with both the computing environment and the work of other users. Email, chat, and web-based document sharing applications are all examples of virtual environments. Simply put, it is a networked common operating space. Once the fidelity of the virtual environment is such that it "creates a psychological state in which

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  Violet ray

  A violet ray is an antique medical appliance used during the early 20th century to discharge in electrotherapy. Their construction usually featured a disruptive discharge coil with an interrupter to apply a high voltage, high frequency, low current to the human body for therapeutic purposes.

  8/25/2026

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  Vis viva

  Vis viva (from the Latin for "living force") is a historical term used to describe a quantity similar to kinetic energy in an early formulation of the principle of conservation of energy.

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  Vlie

  The Vlie or Vliestroom (West Frisian: Fly) is the seaway between the Dutch islands of Vlieland, to its southwest, and Terschelling, to its northeast. The Vlie was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times. Today it's still possible to reach the port of Harlingen by way of the Vlie. The former Zuiderzee (called Lake Flevo) drained into the North See through the Vlie. It is often supposed t

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  Viridiplantae

  Viridiplantae (kingdom Plantae sensu stricto), the green plants, is a natural group or clade of around half a million eukaryotes. They are green because they contain chloroplasts, cell organelles able to produce food by photosynthesis. They are major primary producers of food both in the sea and on land. The group includes both green algae and the land plants (embryophytes) that arose from them. I

  8/25/2026

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  Virtual Object System

  The Virtual Object System (VOS) is a computer software technology for creating distributed object systems. The sites hosting Vobjects are typically linked by a computer network, such as a local area network or the Internet. Vobjects may send messages to other Vobjects over these network links (remotely) or within the same host site (locally) to perform actions and synchronize state. In this way,

  8/25/2026

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  Viral eukaryogenesis

  Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within an archaeon or a bacterium. The virus later evolved into the eukaryotic nucleus by acquiring genes from the host genome and eventually usurping its role. In 2001, the hypothesis was initially proposed by Masaharu Takemura and later by Philip Bell, a

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