physics

Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy

Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy rather than just read about it. In short: The Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy (FORCE) is a test site for tidal power in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located at Black Rock near Parrsboro in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, which has the largest tidal range in the world, and peak flows of 5 m/s (18 km/h; 11 mph; 9.7 kn).

Key takeaways

Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy (FORCE) is a test site for tidal power in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located at Black Rock near Parrsboro in the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, which has the largest tidal range in the world, and peak flows of 5 m/s (18 km/h; 11 mph; 9.7 kn). FORCE is situated in Mi'kma'ki, the ancestral territory of the Mi’kmaq. It is operated by a private, not-for-profit company, and has received financial support from the Government of Canada, the Province of Nova Scotia, the Offshore Energy Research Association, as well as developers aiming to test at the site. FORCE was established in 2009.

Developers and turbines tested A number of tidal turbine developers have deployed devices, or announced plans to do so at FORCE. Unfortunately, several of the companies testing have gone into administration during the process.

OpenHydro/Cape Sharp Tidal

In 2009, Irish company OpenHydro was the first to install a turbine, soon after FORCE opened. A 10 m diameter, 1 MW turbine was deployed in November 2009, however it suffered serious damage to the blades just 20 days later. In 2014, OpenHydro formed a joint venture with Emera (the parent company of Nova Scotia Power) called Cape Sharp Tidal, planning to deploy two turbines the following year. The first 2 MW grid-connected turbine was tested from November 2016 to June 2017. In July 2018, a second 2 MW grid-connected turbine was installed. This turbine was left on the seabed when OpenHydro filed for bankruptcy in 2019 suggesting it was damaged beyond repair.

Sustainable Marine Energy In September 2018, Edinburgh-based Sustainable Marine Energy (SME) deployed their first-generation Plat-I floating tidal platform in Canada. This was not at FORCE, but in the Grand Passage channel between Long Island and Brier Island. In 2019, SME and Minas Tidal LP agreed to co-develop adjacent berths at FORCE within the Pempa’q In-stream Tidal Energy Project. The first phase was to involve three SME floating PLAT-I devices each rated at 420 kW. The project was planned to deliver 9 MW in total, with phase one being 1.26 MW. In April 2023, after more than 18 months of discussions, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) authorised a limited trial of a single device for one year. However SME and its investors were uncertain DFO would ever allow a larger project, and cancelled the project. Despite providing monitoring information that showed there would be no harm to fish or other marine animals, the DFO still categorised the project as high-risk, without providing any real justification. Shortly after their Canadian subsidiary became insolvent, Sustainable Marine Energy Ltd in the UK went into administration in August 2023.

BigMoon Power In September 2020, Halifax-based BigMoon Power signed an agreement to test at FORCE berth D with eight 500 kW turbines. As part of this, they provided a $4.5-million security deposit to remove the OpenHydro turbine from the seabed, installed in 2018 as part of the Cape Sharp project. The company began testing their 500 kW "Falcon" turbine in fall 2022. In May 2024, BigMoon Power rebranded as Occurrent Power, however in September that year it also filed for insolvency.

DP Energy In 2021, Irish based developer DP Energy planned to deploy six 1.5 MW Andrtiz Hammerfest Hydro turbines at FORCE in the Uisce Tapa Irish-Gaelic for "fast flowing water". This type of turbine was used at the MeyGen project in Scotland. DP Energy partnered with Chubu Electric Power Company and Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha (K Line). In 2021, the first phase of three turbines was expected to be installed "in 2023", but the project appears to have stalled. The project secured a power purchase agreement, at a rate of $530 per MWh for 15 years, as part of Nova Scotia's Marine Renewable Energy Act. It reportedly also received a $29.75m grant from Natural Resources Canada.

Eauclaire Tidal In December 2023, project developer Eauclaire Tidal announced they planned to deploy a 2.4 MW Orbital Marine Power O2-X turbine at FORCE, pending regulatory approvals from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans. In November 2025, the project was expanded to include an additional two berths at FORCE, giving a total expected capacity of 16.5 MW. The electrical connection rights are accompanied by 15-year power purchase agreements with Nova Scotia Power, awarded following a competitive tendering process. Also in November, Fisheries and Oceans Canada issued authorisation under the Fisheries Act for the first three turbines to be deployed in a staged approach, starting with a single device. Following environmental monitoring and analysis, additional turbines can be added.

See also Renewable energy in Canada Tidal power Development of tidal stream generators

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy

In research: Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Offshore test sites, Renewable energy in Canada, Tidal power in Canada, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy in simple terms?

Why does Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy.