science

Furtwängler Glacier

Furtwängler Glacier is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Furtwängler Glacier rather than just read about it. In short: Furtwängler Glacier is located near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The glacier is named after Walter Furtwängler who, with Siegfried König, formed the fourth party to ascend to the summit of Kilimanjaro in 1912.

Key takeaways

Furtwängler Glacier belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Furtwängler Glacier to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Furtwängler Glacier from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Furtwängler Glacier is located near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The glacier is named after Walter Furtwängler who, with Siegfried König, formed the fourth party to ascend to the summit of Kilimanjaro in 1912. The glacier is a small remnant of an ice cap that once crowned the summit of Kilimanjaro. Almost 85 percent of the ice cover disappeared from October 1912 to June 2011. In 2013 it was estimated that at the then-current rate, most of the ice would disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".

Furtwängler Glacier is ephemeral, existing continuously only since about 1650 CE, which corresponds with very high levels in Kenya's Lake Naivasha and the beginning of the Maunder Minimum. Between measurements in 1976 and 2000, the area of this glacier was cut almost in half, from 113,000 square metres (1,220,000 ft2) to 60,000 m2 (650,000 ft2). By 2018 the size had shrunk to 11,000 m2 (120,000 ft2). In 2022 it was thought that the glacier would cease to exist by 2023 at a rate of loss of 2,524 m2 (27,170 ft2) per year. During fieldwork conducted early in 2006, scientists discovered a large hole near the center of the glacier. This hole, extending through the 6 metres (20 feet) remaining thickness of the glacier to the underlying rock, split the glacier in two by 2007.

See also Retreat of glaciers since 1850 List of glaciers

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Furtwängler Glacier

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Furtwängler Glacier claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Furtwängler Glacier before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Furtwängler Glacier ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Furtwängler Glacier

In research: Furtwängler Glacier appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Furtwängler Glacier in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Furtwängler Glacier is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Glacier stubs, Glaciers of Tanzania, Pangani basin, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Furtwängler Glacier outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Furtwängler Glacier in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Furtwängler Glacier means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Furtwängler Glacier out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Furtwängler Glacier in simple terms?

Why does Furtwängler Glacier matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Furtwängler Glacier?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Furtwängler Glacier.