The future perfect is a verb form or construction used to describe an event that is expected or planned to happen before a time of reference in the future, such as will have finished in the English sentence "I will have finished by tomorrow." It is a grammatical combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time, and the perfect, a grammatical aspect that views an event as prior and completed.
English In English, the future perfect construction consists of a future construction such as the auxiliary verb will (or shall) or the going-to future and the perfect infinitive of the main verb (which consists of the infinitive of the auxiliary verb have and the past participle of the main verb). This parallels the construction of the "normal" future verb forms combining the same first components with the plain infinitive (e.g. She will fall / She is going to fall). For example:
She will have fallen asleep by the time we get home. I shall have gone by then. Will you have finished when I get back? The auxiliary is commonly contracted to 'll in speech and often in writing, and the first part of the perfect infinitive is commonly contracted to 've in speech: see English auxiliaries and contractions. The negative form is made with will not or shall not; these have their own contractions won't and shan't. Some examples:
I'll have made the dinner by 6 PM. He won't have done (or will not have done) it by this evening. Won't you have finished by Thursday? (or Will you not have finished by Thursday?) Most commonly the future perfect is used with a time marker that indicates by when (i.e., prior to what point in time) the event is to occur, as in the previous examples. However, it is also possible for it to be accompanied by a marker of the retrospective time of occurrence, as in "I will have done it on the previous Tuesday". This is in contrast to the present perfect, which is not normally used with a marker of past time: one would not say "I have done it last Tuesday", since the inclusion of the past time marker last Tuesday would entail the use of the simple past rather than the present perfect. The English future perfect places the action relative only to the absolute future reference point, without specifying the location in time relative to the present. In most cases the action will be in the future relative to the present, but this is not necessarily the case: for example, "If it rains tomorrow, we will have worked in vain yesterday." The future perfect construction with will (like other constructions with that auxiliary) is sometimes used to refer to a confidently assumed present situation rather than a future situation, as in "He will have woken up by now." The time of perspective of the English future perfect can be shifted from the present to the past by replacing will with its past tense form would, thus effectively creating a "past of the future of the past" construction in which the indicated event or situation occurs before a time that occurs after the past time of perspective: In 1982, I knew that by 1986 I would have already gone to prison. This construction is identical to the English conditional perfect construction. An obsolete term found in old grammars for the English future perfect is the "second future tense." For more information, see the sections on the future perfect and future perfect progressive in the article on uses of English verb forms.
Spanish In Spanish, the future perfect is formed as this:
The future of haber is formed by the future stem habr + the endings -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án. The past participle of a verb is formed by adding the endings -ado and -ido to ar and er/ir verbs, respectively. However, there are a few irregular participles such as these:
abrir: abierto cubrir: cubierto decir: dicho escribir: escrito freír: frito hacer: hecho morir: muerto poner: puesto ver: visto volver: vuelto Verbs within verbs also have the same participle, for example, predecir ("to predict') would be predicho; suponer ("to suppose") would be supuesto. Also, satisfacer ("to satisfy") is close to hacer ("to do") in that the past participle is satisfecho. To make the tense negative, no is simply added before the form of haber: yo no habré hablado. For use with reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is before the form of haber: from bañarse ("to take a bath"), yo me habré bañado; negative: yo no me habré bañado.
Portuguese In Portuguese, the future perfect is formed like in to Spanish:
subject + future of ter or haver + past participle eu haverei falado ("I will have spoken") eu terei falado ("I will have spoken") The future of ter is formed by the future stem ter + the endings -ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -eis, -ão (the 2nd person plural form tereis is, however, archaic). The past participle of a verb is formed in turn by adding the endings -ado and -ido to the stems of -ar and -er/-ir verbs, respectively. However, there are a few irregular participles such as these:
abrir: aberto cobrir: coberto dizer: dito escrever: escrito fazer: feito ganhar: ganho gastar: gasto pagar: pago pôr: posto ver: visto vir: vindo Several verbs that are derived from the irregular verbs above form their past participle similarly like the past participle of predizer ("to predict') is predito; for supor ("to suppose"), it would be suposto, and satisfazer ("to satisfy"), which is derived from fazer ("to do"), has the past participle satisfeito. To make the sentence negative, não is simply added before the conjugated form of ter: eu não terei falado. When using the future perfect with oblique pronouns, European Portuguese and formal written Brazilian Portuguese use mesoclisis of the pronoun in the affirmative form and place the pronoun before the auxiliary verb in the negative form:
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