astronomy

Günter Schmölders

Günter Schmölders is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Günter Schmölders rather than just read about it. In short: Günter Schmölders (29 September 1903 in Berlin – 7 November 1991 in Munich) was a German economist at Breslau and Cologne universities. Work He was among the early pioneers of behavioral studies in economics.

Key takeaways

Günter Schmölders belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Günter Schmölders to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Günter Schmölders from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Günter Schmölders (29 September 1903 in Berlin – 7 November 1991 in Munich) was a German economist at Breslau and Cologne universities.

Work He was among the early pioneers of behavioral studies in economics. His first works dealt with the failure of prohibition and alcohol regulation laws e.g. in Sweden. He became a NSDAP member in 1933 and received a tenure (Lehrstuhl) at Breslau university. He dealt with Staatswissenschaften, the Prussian equivalent of macro and state economics and spatial planning. He had some contacts with the Kreisauer Kreis later. Military service and the effects of Allied air bombing raids interrupted his university activities. After the war, he found a new home and university post in Cologne. The Marshall Plan and the Europäische Zahlungsunion (European Currency Union) made him aware of international financial instruments and institutions and their scientific role. In Cologne, he founded the Zentralarchiv für empirische Sozialforschung, the first European archive collecting economical empirical data and opinion polls. His later works includes as well studies on the psychology of taxing and tax evasion, e.g. Das Irrationale in der öffentlichen Finanzwirtschaft (the irrational aspects of public finances) in 1960. His grandfather Franz August Schmölders was professor for orientalism in Breslau.

Heritage Schmölders had been married with a journalist. They had three children, their daughter Claudia Schmölders, a cultural scholar, translator and author heads the Schmölders foundation in memory of her father together with Christian Opelt. The foundation has some connection with the Verein für Socialpolitik, an important association for economics in Germany. The foundation has provided e.g. scholarships for transatlantic studies. The prize of the Schmölders foundation contains a 3.000 € donation and is honoring outstanding contributions to behavioral studies in economics. Laureates include e.g.

2013 Andreas Knabe, Steffen Raetzel, Ronnie Schoeb and Joachim Weimann 2014 Johannes Rincke, Nadja Dwenger, Henrik J. Kleven and Imran Rasul 2015 Moritz Schularick and Alan Taylor From 1968 till 1970, Schmölders presided Mont Pelerin Society and got member of Vaduzer Institut, a libertarian think tank. He received various honorary doctorates and orders of the Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz in 1969 and with star 1979. His archive is maintained by the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.

Notes

Bibliography

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Günter Schmölders

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Günter Schmölders claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Günter Schmölders before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Günter Schmölders ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Günter Schmölders

In research: Günter Schmölders appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Günter Schmölders in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Günter Schmölders is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1903 births, 1991 deaths, Academic staff of the University of Breslau, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Günter Schmölders outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Günter Schmölders in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Günter Schmölders means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Günter Schmölders out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Günter Schmölders in simple terms?

Günter Schmölders (29 September 1903 in Berlin – 7 November 1991 in Munich) was a German economist at Breslau and Cologne universities. Work He was among the early pioneers of behavioral studies in economics.

Why does Günter Schmölders matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Günter Schmölders?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Günter Schmölders.