biology

GTPBP3

GTPBP3 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand GTPBP3 rather than just read about it. In short: tRNA modification GTPase GTPBP3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in human is encoded by the GTPBP3 gene on chromosome 19. The GTPBP3 gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals and which is localized to the mitochondrion and functions in tRNA modification.

Key takeaways

GTPBP3 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect GTPBP3 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of GTPBP3 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

tRNA modification GTPase GTPBP3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in human is encoded by the GTPBP3 gene on chromosome 19. The GTPBP3 gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals and which is localized to the mitochondrion and functions in tRNA modification. At least two major isoforms due to alternative splicing are known In addition, a polymorphism on valine 250 is known and may influence aminoglydoside-induced deafness.

Structure The GTPBP3 gene contains 10 exons, and encodes a ~44 kDa GTP-binding protein that is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to mammals. The N-terminal domain of mitochondrial tRNA modification GTPase mediates the dimerization of the protein in a potassium-independent manner, which is thought to be related to the construction of the binding site for the one-carbon-unit donor in its tRNA modification reaction function.

Function Mitochondrial tRNA modification GTPase is thought to catalyze the formation of 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm(5)U) in the anticodon wobble position of five mitochondrial tRNA. The gene was first discovered yeast where the mutation of the yeast homolog of human GTPBP3, MSS1, is found to elicit respiratory defect in yeast only when the mitochondrial 155 rRNA P(R)454 is present. The latter is equivalent to the human 12 rRNA A1555G mutation which has been found to associate with deafness. Hence GTPBP3 and its yeast homolog function in modification of mitochondrial function. In human, GTPBP3 is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues in multiple transcripts. As a tRNA modification enzyme, it is thought to function to modify codon-anticodon interaction, which is consistent with its modification of the severity of phenotypes in 12S rRNA A1555G mutation.

Clinical Significance Mutations in GTPBP3 are known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial defects. Individuals with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in GTPBP3 present with combined deficiency of respiratory chain complexes in skeletal muscle, which require mitochondrial translation of mitochondrial-encoded complex subunits to assemble. GTPBP3 mutations cause severe mitochondrial translation defect. The majority of characterized subjects presented with lactic acidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The valine 250 polymorphisms on GTPBP3 is associated with severity of aminoglycoside-induced deafness in human, a disease associated with homoplasmic A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial-encoded 12S rRNA and is characterized by deafness, varying from profond congenital hearing loss to normal hearing.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with GTPBP3

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what GTPBP3 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to GTPBP3 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about GTPBP3 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of GTPBP3

In research: GTPBP3 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses GTPBP3 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: GTPBP3 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Enzymes, Genes on human chromosome 19, Human chromosome 19 gene stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for GTPBP3 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study GTPBP3 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what GTPBP3 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain GTPBP3 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is GTPBP3 in simple terms?

Why does GTPBP3 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study GTPBP3?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on GTPBP3.