astronomy

Gail A. Bishop

Gail A. Bishop is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Gail A. Bishop rather than just read about it. In short: Gail A. Bishop is an American professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Iowa and director of the Center for Immunology & Immune-Based Diseases at the Carver College of Medicine.

Key takeaways

Gail A. Bishop belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Gail A. Bishop to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Gail A. Bishop from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Gail A. Bishop is an American professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Iowa and director of the Center for Immunology & Immune-Based Diseases at the Carver College of Medicine.

Early life and education Bishop was born in Wisconsin, United States. She became interested in science as a teenager after first studying biology in the 9th grade. She completed a summer job in a leukemia research laboratory in Milwaukee. Bishop studied biology at St. Olaf College. She earned a master's degree in oncology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Bishop moved to University of Michigan as a graduate student, working in cellular biology with Joseph Glorioso. Her doctoral degree involved research into the Herpes simplex virus. After completing her PhD Bishop was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where she worked on the mechanism of B lymphocyte activation and the structure-function relationships within B cell signalling receptors.

Research and career In 1989 Bishop was appointed as an assistant professor at the University of Iowa. She was promoted to professor in 1998, and in 2001 became the Distinguished Professor of Microbiology. Bishop studies the molecular mechanisms that underlie lymphocyte regulation and activation by members of the TNF receptor superfamily. She studies lymphocyte signalling and the interaction between immune receptors. Her work involves studying the mechanisms by which the protein-coding gene TRAF3 deficiency regulates survival in B lymphocytes. She has shown that TRAF3 is a regulator of critical negative regulator of homeostatic survival in B lymphocytes. Through this research Bishop hopes to design new treatments for B lymphocyte malignancies. She has also investigated the role of TRAF3 in T cell signalling and function, as well as trying to establish the nuclear roles of TRAF3. T cells that are deficient in TRAF3 have no clear differences in survival, but do have decreases in CD4+ and CD8+ responses to infection or immunisation. Bishop showed that in T cells TRAF3 associates with the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex, which governs TCR-mediated activation. Bishop believes that B lymphocytes could be used for immunotherapeutic cancer treatment, whereby B-cells can injected, become activated in vitro and serve as antigen-presenting cells. B cell immunotherapy presents a promising alternative to using dendritic cells. Alongside her scientific research, Bishop has spoken about the environment for women and other minoritized groups within academic science. On January 1, 2024, she became the Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Immunology.

Awards and honors Her awards and honors include:

2003 University of Iowa Graduate Mentoring Award 2007 Elected to the Council of the American Association of Immunologists 2009 Iowa Technology Association Woman of Innovation 2010 Chair of the National Institutes of Health Tumors, Tolerance and Transplantation study section 2012 President of the American Association of Immunologists 2019 Elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Selected publications Her publications include:

Bishop, Gail A. (2009-10-01). "CD40 and autoimmunity: the dark side of a great activator". Seminars in Immunology. 21 (5): 293–300. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.012. PMC 2753170. PMID 19595612. Bishop, Gail A. (2003-06-01). "The CD40–CD154 interaction in B cell–T cell liaisons". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 14 (3–4): 297–309. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(03)00024-8. PMID 12787567. Bishop, Gail A. (2004). "The multifaceted roles of TRAFs in the regulation of B-cell function". Nature Reviews Immunology. 4 (10): 775–786. doi:10.1038/nri1462. PMID 15459669. S2CID 29910164.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Gail A. Bishop

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Gail A. Bishop claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Gail A. Bishop before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Gail A. Bishop ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Gail A. Bishop

In research: Gail A. Bishop appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Gail A. Bishop in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Gail A. Bishop is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics American immunologists, American medical researchers, American women immunologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Gail A. Bishop outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Gail A. Bishop” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Gail A. Bishop in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Gail A. Bishop means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Gail A. Bishop out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Gail A. Bishop in simple terms?

Gail A. Bishop is an American professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Iowa and director of the Center for Immunology & Immune-Based Diseases at the Carver College of Medicine.

Why does Gail A. Bishop matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Gail A. Bishop?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Gail A. Bishop.