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Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation

Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation rather than just read about it. In short: The generalized-strain mesh-free (GSMF) formulation is a local meshfree method in the field of numerical analysis, completely integration free, working as a weighted-residual weak-form collocation. This method was first presented by Oliveira and Portela (2016), in order to further improve the computational efficiency of meshfree methods in numerical analysis.

Key takeaways

  • Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The generalized-strain mesh-free (GSMF) formulation is a local meshfree method in the field of numerical analysis, completely integration free, working as a weighted-residual weak-form collocation. This method was first presented by Oliveira and Portela (2016), in order to further improve the computational efficiency of meshfree methods in numerical analysis. Local meshfree methods are derived through a weighted-residual formulation which leads to a local weak form that is the well known work theorem of the theory of structures. In an arbitrary local region, the work theorem establishes an energy relationship between a statically-admissible stress field and an independent kinematically-admissible strain field. Based on the independence of these two fields, this formulation results in a local form of the work theorem that is reduced to regular boundary terms only, integration-free and free of volumetric locking. Advantages over finite element methods are that GSMF doesn't rely on a grid, and is more precise and faster when solving bi-dimensional problems. When compared to other meshless methods, such as rigid-body displacement mesh-free (RBDMF) formulation, the element-free Galerkin (EFG) and the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin finite volume method (MLPG FVM); GSMF proved to be superior not only regarding the computational efficiency, but also regarding the accuracy. The moving least squares (MLS) approximation of the elastic field is used on this local meshless formulation.

Formulation In the local form of the work theorem, equation:

∫ Γ Q t T u ∗ d Γ + ∫ Ω Q b T u ∗ d Ω = ∫ Ω Q σ T ε ∗ d Ω . {\displaystyle \int _{\Gamma _{Q}}\mathbf {t} ^{T}\mathbf {u} ^{*}d\Gamma +\int _{\Omega _{Q}}\mathbf {b} ^{T}\mathbf {u} ^{*}d\Omega =\int _{\Omega _{Q}}{\boldsymbol {\sigma }}^{T}{\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }}^{*}d\Omega .}

The displacement field u ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} ^{*}} , was assumed as a continuous function leading to a regular integrable function that is the kinematically-admissible strain field ε ∗ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }}^{*}} . However, this continuity assumption on u ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} ^{*}} , enforced in the local form of the work theorem, is not absolutely required but can be relaxed by convenience, provided ε ∗ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }}^{*}} can be useful as a generalized function, in the sense of the theory of distributions, see Gelfand and Shilov. Hence, this formulation considers that the displacement field u ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} ^{*}} , is a piecewise continuous function, defined in terms of the Heaviside step function and therefore the corresponding strain field ε ∗ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }}^{*}} , is a generalized function defined in terms of the Dirac delta function.

For the sake of the simplicity, in dealing with Heaviside and Dirac delta functions in a two-dimensional coordinate space, consider a scalar function d {\displaystyle d} , defined as:

d = ‖ x − x Q ‖ {\displaystyle d=\lVert \ \mathbf {x} -\mathbf {x} _{Q}\rVert }

which represents the absolute-value function of the distance between a field point x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } and a particular reference point x Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{Q}} , in the local domain Ω Q ∪ Γ Q {\displaystyle \Omega _{Q}\cup \Gamma _{Q}} assigned to the field node Q {\displaystyle Q} . Therefore, this definition always assumes d = d ( x , x Q ) ≥ 0 {\displaystyle d=d(\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {x} _{Q})\geq 0} , as a positive or null value, in this case whenever x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } and x Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{Q}} are coincident points.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation

In research
Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Numerical analysis, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation in simple terms?

The generalized-strain mesh-free (GSMF) formulation is a local meshfree method in the field of numerical analysis, completely integration free, working as a weighted-residual weak-form collocation. This method was first presented by Oliveira and Portela (2016), in order to further improve the compu…

Why does Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Generalized-strain mesh-free formulation.

Tags

  • Numerical analysis

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