astronomy

Genostar

Genostar is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Genostar rather than just read about it. In short: Genostar is a bioinformatics provider based in Grenoble, France. The company was founded in 2004 following the "Genostar consortium" that was created in 1999 as a public-private consortium by Genome Express, Hybrigenics, INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique / French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control) and The Pasteur Institute.

Key takeaways

Genostar belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Genostar to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Genostar from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Genostar is a bioinformatics provider based in Grenoble, France. The company was founded in 2004 following the "Genostar consortium" that was created in 1999 as a public-private consortium by Genome Express, Hybrigenics, INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique / French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control) and The Pasteur Institute.

Software Metabolic Pathway Builder is a bioinformatics environment dedicated to microbial research. This covers sequence assembly, mapping, annotation transfer and identification of protein domains, comparative genomics, structural searches, metabolic pathway analysis, modeling and simulation of biological networks. Genostar's software is platform independent and can thus be used for both Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux.

Sequence assembly Mapping an ensemble of sequences on a reference sequence between a reference sequence and contigs, between two sequences or between two sets of sequences finding of exact matches with minimum length using MUMmer detection of specific regions and SNPs creation of an assembled sequence relative to reference sequences

Genomic annotation Gene prediction: ab-initio gene prediction using a Hidden Markov model based method BlastX Automatic annotation transfer using BlastP

Proteic annotation Metabolic Pathway Builder integrates several methods dedicated to proteic annotation:

Pfam domain prediction using HMMER Several EMBOSS methods (antigenic, 2D structure prediction)

Expression Data Solution (EDS) Genostar's Expression Data Solution (EDS) connects microarray data to genes, gene products and biochemical reactions, based on keywords and annotations. This software allows to:

Assign expression values to the gene names and IDs Identify co-expressed genes and visually analyze the reactions and metabolic pathways in which they are involved Identify and perform analysis on co-regulated genes in terms of genomic localization, functional annotation and metabolism Colorize CDSs of interest in genomic maps according to their expression values and highlight the corresponding reactions in interactive metabolic KEGG maps Analyze the significance of functional data of a collection or sub-collection of CDSs (GO, KEGG and more): Fisher test Collect and visualize all functional data in exportable tables and maps

Database Genostar's MicroB database consists of genomic, proteic, biochemical and metabolic data from approximately 1100 bacterial and archaeal organis.

Partners INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique / French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control) Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics ChemAxon

Notes and references

External links Genostar Expands Deal with Biopharma Merial To Help Hunt Pathogenic Virulence Factors Genostar at Bio 2010

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Genostar

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Genostar claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Genostar before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Genostar ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Genostar

In research: Genostar appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Genostar in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Genostar is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2004 establishments in France, Bioinformatics companies, Biotechnology companies established in 2004, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Genostar outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Genostar in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Genostar means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Genostar out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Genostar in simple terms?

Why does Genostar matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Genostar?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Genostar.