biology

Georg Iggers

Georg Iggers is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Georg Iggers rather than just read about it. In short: Georg Gerson Iggers (December 7, 1926 – November 26, 2017) was a German-born American historian of modern Europe, historiography, and European intellectual history. Life and career Iggers was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1926.

Key takeaways

Georg Iggers belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Georg Iggers to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Georg Iggers from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Georg Gerson Iggers (December 7, 1926 – November 26, 2017) was a German-born American historian of modern Europe, historiography, and European intellectual history.

Life and career Iggers was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1926. Being a German Jew he fled Germany with his family to the U.S. in 1938, only few weeks before the Kristallnacht. Iggers belonged to the young émigrés from the Third Reich who later in life, as academic scholars in the United States, had a decisive impact on reviewing critically the history of Germany. In 1957, Iggers became the first White brother initiated into Phi Beta Sigma, a historically Black fraternity. He was visiting professor at the Technische Universität Darmstadt in 1991. He was Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University at Buffalo and 2007 recipient of the First Class Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Iggers received the Humboldt Prize, honorary doctorate degrees from the University of Richmond, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and Philander Smith College, and fellowships from the American Philosophical Society, Fulbright Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, and Rockefeller Foundation. Iggars was especially noted for his writings on historiography.

Death Iggars died on November 26, 2017, of complications from a cerebral hemorrhage.

Writings Autobiography

Georg G. Iggers, Wilma A. Iggers: Zwei Seiten der Geschichte. Lebensbericht aus unruhigen Zeiten. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, ISBN 3-525-36265-X. Two Lives in Uncertain Times. Facing the Challenges of the 20th Century as Scholars and Citizens. Berghahn, New York/ Oxford 2006, ISBN 1-84545-138-4. Georg G. Iggers: "History and Social Action beyond National and Continental Borders." In: Andreas W. Daum, Hartmut Lehmann, James J. Sheehan: The Second Generation. Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a biobibliographical guide. Berghahn, New York 2016, ISBN 978-1-78238-985-9, 82–96. Monographies

The Cult of Authority. The Political Philosophy of the Saint-Simonians. A Chapter in the Intellectual History of Totalitarianism. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1958. The German Conception of History. The National Tradition of Historical Thought from Herder to the Present. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Connecticut 1968. (German translation: Deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine Kritik der traditionellen Geschichtsauffassung von Herder bis zur Gegenwart. dtv 1971) New Directions in European Historiography. With a contribution by Norman Baker. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Connecticut 1975. German: Neue Geschichtswissenschaft. Vom Historismus zur historischen Sozialwissenschaft. Ein internationaler Vergleich. dtv 1978. Marxismus und Geschichtswissenschaft heute. Becker, Velten 1996, ISBN 3-89597-271-1. Geschichtswissenschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein kritischer Überblick im internationalen Zusammenhang. Mit einem Nachwort. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1993, ISBN 3-525-33587-3; 2nd ed. 1996. Historiography in the Twentieth Century. From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge. Wesleyan University Press, Hanover, NH 1997, ISBN 0-8195-5302-6. Geschichtswissenschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein kritischer Überblick im internationalen Zusammenhang. Neuausgabe, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-36149-8. with Q. Edward Wang and Supriya Mukherjee: A Global History of Modern Historiography. Routledge 2008 (2nd ed. 2017), ISBN 978-1-138-94227-1.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Georg Iggers

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Georg Iggers claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Georg Iggers before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Georg Iggers ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Georg Iggers

In research: Georg Iggers appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Georg Iggers in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Georg Iggers is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1926 births, 2017 deaths, 20th-century American historians, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Georg Iggers outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Georg Iggers in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Georg Iggers means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Georg Iggers out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Georg Iggers in simple terms?

Georg Gerson Iggers (December 7, 1926 – November 26, 2017) was a German-born American historian of modern Europe, historiography, and European intellectual history. Life and career Iggers was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1926.

Why does Georg Iggers matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Georg Iggers?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Georg Iggers.