astronomy

George Albert Llano

George Albert Llano is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand George Albert Llano rather than just read about it. In short: George Albert Llano (22 November 1911 – 9 February 2003), born Jorge Alberto Cecilio Perez y Llano, was a Cuban-born American polar explorer and botanist who specialized in the field of lichenology. He was an expert in the Umbilicariaceae.

Key takeaways

George Albert Llano belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect George Albert Llano to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of George Albert Llano from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

George Albert Llano (22 November 1911 – 9 February 2003), born Jorge Alberto Cecilio Perez y Llano, was a Cuban-born American polar explorer and botanist who specialized in the field of lichenology. He was an expert in the Umbilicariaceae.

Early life Llano was born in Havana, Cuba in either 1910, according to baptismal records, or 1911, based on legal records. He immigrated to the United States in 1918. He obtained his undergraduate degree at Cornell University in 1935, and his master's degree at Teachers College, Columbia University in 1939. In 1949, he completed his Ph.D. in botany at Washington University in St. Louis under Carroll William Dodge.

Career Llano took various jobs across the country before settling at the National Academy of Sciences and working on the International Geophysical Year. His experience in Antarctica led him to work for the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs in 1961. In 1972, he was promoted to Chief Scientist. His work in the Antarctic Biology and Medicine division was instrumental in establishing permanent Antarctic stations. He retired in 1977. After his retirement, Llano continued lecturing, guiding expeditions, and fundraising for researchers. Among his beneficiaries were Ivan Mackenzie Lamb and Henry Andrew Imshaug, who undertook notable lichenological expeditions. Llano died on 9 February 2003 of influenza while cruising on the Akademik Ioffe.

Legacy The whale genus Llanocetus is named for Llano. Mount Llano was also named in his honor. Carroll Dodge named some lichen species after him, including Buellia llanoi C.W.Dodge (1968), Lecania llanoi C.W.Dodge (1965), Physcia llanoi C.W.Dodge (1965), and Thelidium llanoi C.W.Dodge (1968). His monograph on the Umbilicariaceae is considered a seminal work in the field of lichenology. He has been credited for introducing the terms gyrodisc, leiodisc, and omphalodisc to refer to different types of fruiting bodies encountered in the Umbilicariaceae.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with George Albert Llano

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what George Albert Llano claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to George Albert Llano before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about George Albert Llano ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of George Albert Llano

In research: George Albert Llano appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses George Albert Llano in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: George Albert Llano is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1911 births, 2003 deaths, American lichenologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for George Albert Llano outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study George Albert Llano in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what George Albert Llano means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain George Albert Llano out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is George Albert Llano in simple terms?

Why does George Albert Llano matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study George Albert Llano?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on George Albert Llano.