astronomy

George Klir

George Klir is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand George Klir rather than just read about it. In short: George Jiří Klir (April 22, 1932 – May 27, 2016) was a Czech-American computer scientist and professor of systems sciences at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York. Biography George Klir was born in 1932 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Key takeaways

George Klir belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect George Klir to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of George Klir from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

George Jiří Klir (April 22, 1932 – May 27, 2016) was a Czech-American computer scientist and professor of systems sciences at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York.

Biography George Klir was born in 1932 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In 1957 he received a M.S. degree in electrical engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague. In the early 1960s he taught at the Institute of Computer Research in Prague. In 1964 he received a doctorate in computer science from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. In the 1960s Klir went to Iraq to teach at the Baghdad University for two years. At the end he managed to immigrate to the U.S. He started teaching computer science at UCLA and at the Fairleigh Dickinson University. In 1969 he came to Binghamton University, where he later became professor of systems science. One year (1982–1983) he stayed as a fellow in Dutch Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS), where he completed the manuscript of his book Architecture of Systems Problem Solving. In 2007 he retired after 37 years at the university. From 1974 to 2014 Klir was editor of the International Journal of General Systems, and from 1985 to 2016 of the International Book Series on Systems Science and Systems Engineering. From 1980 to 1984 George Klir was the first president of the International Federation for Systems Research (IFSR). In the years 1981–1982 he was also president of Society for General Systems Research, now International Society for the Systems Sciences. He was further president of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society from 1988 to 1991 and the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA) from 1993 to 1995. Klir received numerous awards and honors, including 5 honorary doctoral degrees, the Gold Medal of Bernard Bolzano, Lotfi A. Zadeh Best Paper Award, the Kaufmann's Gold Medal, SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Research and IFSA Award for Outstanding Achievement. In 2007 he was awarded the Fuzzy Systems Pioneer Award of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (CIS).

Work Klir was known for path-breaking research over almost four decades. His earlier work was in the areas of systems modeling and simulation, logic design, computer architecture, and discrete mathematics. Later research, from 1990s onward, included the areas of intelligent systems, generalized information theory, fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, theory of generalized measures, and soft computing.

See also

Fuzzy measure theory Fuzzy logic Fuzzy subalgebra Genetic Fuzzy Systems International Federation for Systems Research

Publications Klir was the author of 23 books, over 300 articles, and he also edited 10 books: Books (selection):

1967, Cybernetic Modelling, Iliffe, London. 1969, An Approach to General Systems Theory, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 1972, Trends in General Systems Theory, (ed.) 462 pp. 1972, Introduction to the Methodology of Switching Circuits, 573 pp. 1979, Methodology in Systems Modelling and Simulation, with B. P. Zeigler, M. S. Elzas, and T. I. Oren (ed.), North-Holland, Amsterdam. 1978, Applied General Systems Research, (ed.), Plenum Press, New York. 1985, Architecture of Systems Problem Solving, with D. Elias, Plenum Press, New York, 354 pp. 1988, Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty and Information, with T. Folger, Prentice Hall. 1991, Facets of Systems Science, Plenum Press, New York, 748 pp. 1992, Fuzzy Measure Theory, with Zhenyuan Wang, Plenum Press, New York, 1991. 1995, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications, with Bo Yuan, Prentice Hall, 592 pp. 1996, Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Systems, with Lotfi Asker Zadeh (author) & Bo Yuan (ed.), Selected Papers, 840 pp. 1997, Fuzzy Set Theory: Foundations and Applications, with U. St. Clair and B. Yuan, Prentice Hall, 257 pp. 1998, Uncertainty-Based Information: Elements of Generalized Information Theory, with M. Wierman, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 2000, Fuzzy Sets: An Overview of Fundamentals and Personal Views, Beijing Normal University Press, Beijing. 2005, Uncertainty and Information: Foundations of Generalized Information Theory, John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 499 pp. 2009, Generalized Measure Theory, with W. Zhenyuan, Springer Verlag, New York. 2011, Concepts and Fuzzy Logic, with Radim Belohlavek, MIT Press, 2011. 2017, Fuzzy Logic and Mathematics: A Historical Perspective, with Radim Belohlavek and Joseph W. Dauben, Oxford Univ. Press, 2017.

References

External links

International Journal of General Systems, The journal where George Klir was editor since the beginning in 1974 until 2014.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with George Klir

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what George Klir claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to George Klir before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about George Klir ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of George Klir

In research: George Klir appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses George Klir in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: George Klir is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1932 births, 2016 deaths, Academic staff of the University of Baghdad, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for George Klir outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study George Klir in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what George Klir means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain George Klir out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is George Klir in simple terms?

George Jiří Klir (April 22, 1932 – May 27, 2016) was a Czech-American computer scientist and professor of systems sciences at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York. Biography George Klir was born in 1932 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Why does George Klir matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study George Klir?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on George Klir.