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computer science

GhostTunes

GhostTunes is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand GhostTunes rather than just read about it. In short: GhostTunes was an online music store and digital library founded by American country music singer Garth Brooks, Randy Bernard, and Chris Webb. It launched in September 2014 and featured singles and albums from a variety of artists, including Brooks' entire catalogue.

GhostTunes — main illustration
GhostTunes — illustration

Key takeaways

  • GhostTunes belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect GhostTunes to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of GhostTunes from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

GhostTunes was an online music store and digital library founded by American country music singer Garth Brooks, Randy Bernard, and Chris Webb. It launched in September 2014 and featured singles and albums from a variety of artists, including Brooks' entire catalogue. GhostTunes varied from other online music stores such as the iTunes Store by allowing the individual record labels to choose their selling format, such as entire albums or singles (all 320 kbit/s MP3s), as well as prices, with an emphasis on fair and proper royalty payments. Its digital library could be synced across multiple devices, creating a multi-platform collection encompassing all user-downloaded music, regardless of the store used to purchase. On March 3, 2017, GhostTunes was absorbed into Amazon Music.

History Following widely covered disagreements with music streaming, Garth Brooks founded GhostTunes in 2014 to coincide with his return to live performing and album releases. Its beta version launched on September 4, 2014, with the full version rolling out two months later. While GhostTunes' original purpose was to exclusively showcase Brooks' music, Brooks made a push to allow many other artists to sell their music in the online store, allowing it to evolve into an e-commerce site containing more than 10 million songs available for purchase. Fittingly, the first albums available for purchase through the music service were Brooks' entire catalogue, available digitally for the first time, along with the exclusive release of his album, Man Against Machine. GhostTunes remained the only online means by which to purchase Brooks' albums until his 2016 partnership with Amazon. The service's name, "GhostTunes", was derived from founder Brooks' first name, Garth, and his "hosting" of the site ("G-host"). Brooks announced on October 19, 2016, in an interview with Billboard, that he was moving his music to the "Music Unlimited" streaming service from Amazon Music, stating that he was unsure what the future held for GhostTunes. On March 3, 2017, GhostTunes ceased operations and began to redirect to Amazon Music.

Clients

Desktop GhostTunes featured an online music store and library. The library consisted of all songs and albums purchased via the GhostTunes store, available for listening immediately after download within the application. Purchased and downloaded music could also be synced directly with a user's iTunes, creating a cross-platform library.

Mobile

GhostTunes was available via iOS and Android on mobile devices. The GhostTunes application allowed for music purchases to be made within the Android application, and downloading songs and albums directly to the device. It also syncs with the user's local music library, combining internal downloads with GhostTunes purchases for offline listening.

Royalties and pricing Royalty payments has been a pressing issue in Brooks' career, and GhostTunes reflected these concerns. When announcing the service, Brooks remarked, "This is a site that treats music with the utmost respect, where our job everyday is to offer music the way the artists want to share it to the listeners who live for and love it." GhostTunes allowed individual record labels the freedom to sell music without financial restrictions. Additionally Brooks, a long-time supporter of album sales (as opposed to singles), cited the ability of record labels to distribute with the flexibility of selling both singles and albums, or only albums. The music service had a distribution deal with many content owners, including Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, The Orchard, all of which pay 80 percent revenue back to artists and writers (as opposed to the traditional 70 percent). Freedom in pricing allowed for some albums to be sold at lower price on GhostTunes. For example, Sam Hunt's Montevallo sold for $6.99 (less than its standard iTunes price of $9.99). Nonetheless, while such autonomy promotes lower prices in some cases, the majority remains the same across all selling platforms.

Critical reception Harley Brown of Billboard praised the service, noting its resembling "a cross between Spotify and eMusic". Jonathan Robles of Variance Magazine called GhostTunes "a win-win" for Brooks, praising the selling of full digital albums in an era of which singles take priority. R-tools Technology's John Cook said GhostTunes "is worth a look", calling it "one way to get your music a bit differently" than the competitors. On the contrary, Zack O'Malley Greenburg of Forbes disagreed with the GhostTunes' lack of streaming, as well as Brooks' restricting his entire catalogue to the service, stating, "streaming is the future of the music industry". Glenn Peoples of Billboard remarked "consumer behavior" impacted a lack of interest in GhostTunes, citing the average person's objective to purchase music through a major, more familiar retailer (such as iTunes or Amazon). Despite many critical comparisons between GhostTunes and other online music stores, CEO Randy Bernard maintained the stance that GhostTunes was to serve as an alternative, not a direct competitor.

See also Comparison of online music stores

References

External links GhostTunes

Illustrations

GhostTunes illustration
GhostTunes: Garth Brooks' catalogue shown on GhostTunes for iOS
Garth Brooks' catalogue shown on GhostTunes for iOS

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with GhostTunes

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what GhostTunes claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to GhostTunes before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about GhostTunes ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of GhostTunes

In research
GhostTunes appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses GhostTunes in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
GhostTunes is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2014 establishments in Tennessee, 2014 establishments in the United States, Android (operating system) software, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for GhostTunes outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study GhostTunes in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what GhostTunes means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain GhostTunes out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is GhostTunes in simple terms?

GhostTunes was an online music store and digital library founded by American country music singer Garth Brooks, Randy Bernard, and Chris Webb. It launched in September 2014 and featured singles and albums from a variety of artists, including Brooks' entire catalogue.

Why does GhostTunes matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study GhostTunes?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on GhostTunes.

Tags

  • 2014 establishments in Tennessee
  • 2014 establishments in the United States
  • Android (operating system) software
  • Defunct software companies of the United States
  • Download websites
  • IOS software
  • Internet properties established in 2014
  • Music streaming services
  • Online music stores of the United States
  • Retail companies established in 2014
  • Software companies based in Tennessee

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