astronomy

Gilbert Chu

Gilbert Chu is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Gilbert Chu rather than just read about it. In short: Gilbert Chu (Chinese: 朱築文; pinyin: Zhū Zhùwén) is an American biochemist. He is a professor of medicine (oncology) and biochemistry at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

Key takeaways

Gilbert Chu belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Gilbert Chu to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Gilbert Chu from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Gilbert Chu (Chinese: 朱築文; pinyin: Zhū Zhùwén) is an American biochemist. He is a professor of medicine (oncology) and biochemistry at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

Biography Chu graduated from Garden City High School in New York in 1963. He received a B.A. in physics from Princeton University in 1967, a Ph.D. in physics from M.I.T. in 1973, and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1980. Chu joined the Stanford faculty in 1987. His research has investigated how cells react to DNA damage from radiation. He has also developed electroporation techniques, a method for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and methods for analyzing microarray data.

Awards Chu received the Clinical Scientist Award for Translational Research from Burroughs-Wellcome Fund (Wellcome Trust), and the Rita Allen Award from the Rita Allen Foundation. Chu was also elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society for contributions at the intersection of physics and life sciences, including PET, electrophoresis, and statistical methods for microarrays. His other notable contributions include discovering and characterizing proteins involved in DNA repair and developing instrumentation for assessing toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Personal life He married Sharon Rugel Long on August 9, 2008. Chu has two children, Alex and Jason. His younger brother Steven Chu is a Nobel laureate and the twelfth United States secretary of energy in the Obama administration. His other younger brother is the intellectual property attorney Morgan Chu.

Publications Tusher V, Tibshirani R, Chu G "Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response" Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 (9): 5116–5121 Apr 24, 2001 Times Cited: 12409 Tibshirani R, Hastie T, Narasimhan B, Chu G, "Diagnosis of multiple cancer types by shrunken centroids of gene expression" Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 (10): 6567–6572 May 14, 2002 Times Cited: 2789 Chu G, Vollrath D, Davis RW, "Separation of large DNA molecules by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields" Science 234 (4783): 1582–1585 Dec 19, 1986 Times Cited: 1706 Chu G, Hayakawa H, Berg P "Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA" Nucleic Acids Res 15 (3): 1311–1326 Feb 11 1987 Times Cited: 942 Chu G, "Cellular responses to cisplatin – the roles of DNA-binding proteins and DNA-repair" J Biol Chem 269 (2): 787–790 Jan 14 1994 Times Cited: 833 Hwang BJ, Ford JM, Hanawalt PC, Chu G "Expression of the p48 xeroderma pigmentosum gene is p53-dependent and is involved in global genomic repair" Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (2), 424–428 Jan 19 1999 Times Cited: 640 Chu G, Chang E "Xeroderma pigmentosum group E cells lack a nuclear factor that binds to damaged DNA" Science 242 (4878), 564–567 Times Cited: 425 Smider V, Rathmell WK, Lieber MR, Chu G "Restoration of X-ray resistance and V (D) J recombination in mutant cells by Ku cDNA" Science 266 (5183): 288–291 Oct 14 1994 Times Cited: 360 Tang JY, Hwang BJ, Ford JM, et al. "Xeroderma pigmentosum p48 gene enhances global genomic repair and suppresses UV-induced mutagenesis" Molecular Cell 5 (4): 737–744 Apr 30 2000 Times Cited: 337 A complete listing of his publications can be found here.

References

External links Gil Chu lab webpage Archived 2005-07-12 at the Wayback Machine page at Stanford Medical School Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine Burroughs-Wellcome Fund

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Gilbert Chu

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Gilbert Chu claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Gilbert Chu before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Gilbert Chu ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Gilbert Chu

In research: Gilbert Chu appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Gilbert Chu in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Gilbert Chu is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1946 births, American biochemists, American people of Chinese descent, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Gilbert Chu outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Gilbert Chu in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Gilbert Chu means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Gilbert Chu out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Gilbert Chu in simple terms?

Gilbert Chu (Chinese: 朱築文; pinyin: Zhū Zhùwén) is an American biochemist. He is a professor of medicine (oncology) and biochemistry at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

Why does Gilbert Chu matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Gilbert Chu?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Gilbert Chu.