physics

Given Imaging

Given Imaging is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Given Imaging rather than just read about it. In short: Given Imaging Ltd. (Hebrew: גיוון אימג'ינג) is an Israeli medical technology company that manufactures and markets diagnostic products for the visualization and detection of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Key takeaways

Given Imaging belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Given Imaging to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Given Imaging from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Given Imaging Ltd. (Hebrew: גיוון אימג'ינג) is an Israeli medical technology company that manufactures and markets diagnostic products for the visualization and detection of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Until March 2014, it was dual-listed on both the NASDAQ and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, where it was a component of the TA-100 Index and the TA BlueTech Index. In March 2014 it was acquired by Covidien and became a private company. In 2015 Covidien was purchased by Medtronic. Given Imaging pioneered the capsule endoscopy technology and has also developed capsule-based pH monitoring. Through Sierra Scientific Instruments, a subsidiary, Given Imaging also provides an array of diagnostic modalities including high-resolution manometry and ambulatory reflux monitoring. Given Imaging's technology is currently marketed in over 60 countries.

History Given Imaging was founded in 1998 by Gavriel Meron and Rafael Development Corporation (RDC) Ltd. based on the purchase of an early patent from Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Initial funding for the company was provided by Elron Electronic Industries, Israel's leading technology holding company, in cooperation with Rafael. Today, Elron still holds 28% Given Imaging's shares. The idea for the solution was developed by Dr. Iddan, while working in the missile division of Rafael, where he envisioned that missile technology could be miniaturized to create a medical product. The company's first capsule endoscopy products was named M2A capsule and received it CE marking in May 2001 and in August 2001 was cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for visualization of abnormalities of the small intestine. The capsule uses a radio developed for Given by Zarlink Semiconductor's medical team in San Diego and Jarfalla, Sweden. In October 2001, Given Imaging had an Initial public offering on NASDAQ under ticker GIVN.) In September 2004, M2A capsule re-branded PillCam SB(R). In March 2004, Given Imaging became a member of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. In November 2004, US FDA clears PillCam(R) ESO for the esophagus. In May 2006, US FDA clears Agile Patency System. In October 2006, PillCam COLON was cleared for marketing in the European Union (CE Mark). In December 2008, Given Imaging acquired Bravo pH Monitoring System(R). In May 2009, 1 millionth PillCam capsule was sold. In September 2009, PillCam COLON 2 receives CE Mark. In July 2012, Given Imaging's capsule endoscopy featured in a live broadcast on the BBC, when the reporter Michael Mosley spent the day as an exhibit at the Science Museum in London, after swallowing a PillCam which transmitted live pictures to a public screen. In February 2014, 100% of Given Imaging's shares were purchased by Covidien, making it a Private Company fully owned by Covidien. As a result, its shares are no longer traded neither in NASDAQ nor in TASE. In 2015 Covidien was purchased by Medtronic.

Products

PillCam SB PillCam SB is a tool for visualization of the entire small bowel and detection of small bowel abnormalities. No sedation is needed, however bowel prep is needed. A liquid bowel prep is consumed before the procedure emptying the bowel completely, this allows clear photos to be taken.

PillCam ESO PillCam ESO provides a method for visualization of the esophagus.

PillCam COLON 2 PillCam COLON 2 is complementary to traditional colonoscopy and is used for patients who have received incomplete colonoscopy, are contraindicated for colonoscopy or are unwilling to undergo traditional colonoscopy.

PillCam CROHN'S The PillCam CROHN’S system offers direct visualization of the entire small bowel and colonic mucosa with a noninvasive procedure.

PillCam Express In May 2010, Given Imaging released a new manually guided GI scope based on PillCam swallowable devices. In cases where patient anatomy does not allow for natural passage of large tablets the size of traditional PillCams, the PillCam Express can be delivered through the stomach and into the small intestine with help of an endoscope and a proprietary balloon deployment mechanism.

Bravo pH Monitoring System The Bravo pH Monitoring System is a catheter-free ambulatory pH test. Ambulatory pH testing is considered the gold standard for pH measurement and monitoring of gastric reflux, helping clinicians manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Featuring data collection for up to 96 hours, Bravo allows patients to maintain their regular diets and activities, accurately reflecting normal physiologic conditions.

Sierra Scientific Instruments In April 2010, Given Imaging acquired Sierra Scientific Instruments.

Headquarters and plants

The company's corporate headquarters, research and development laboratories, and manufacturing facilities are located in Yokneam, Israel. It maintains offices in Duluth, Georgia and Heerlen, Netherlands. Additional sales and marketing offices are located in France, Japan, Australia, and Singapore. The company also has a plant in Ireland. Given Imaging's wholly owned subsidiary, Sierra Scientific Instruments, is located in Los Angeles, California, with manufacturing operations in Vietnam.

See also Science and technology in Israel Health care in Israel List of Israeli inventions and discoveries Silicon Wadi Startup Village, Yokneam

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Given Imaging

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Given Imaging claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Given Imaging before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Given Imaging ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Given Imaging

In research: Given Imaging appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Given Imaging in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Given Imaging is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq, Diagnostic gastroenterology, Israeli companies established in 1998, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Given Imaging outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Given Imaging in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Given Imaging means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Given Imaging out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Given Imaging in simple terms?

Why does Given Imaging matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Given Imaging?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Given Imaging.