earth science

Glacial erratics on and around Rügen

Glacial erratics on and around Rügen is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Glacial erratics on and around Rügen rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of erratics on and around Rügen – the largest island off the Baltic coast of Germany. An erratic is usually defined (in Germany) as an individual block of rock lying on the surface of the land which has a volume of at least one cubic metre and which was transported by a glacier to its present site during the ice age.

Key takeaways

Glacial erratics on and around Rügen belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Glacial erratics on and around Rügen to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Glacial erratics on and around Rügen from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of erratics on and around Rügen – the largest island off the Baltic coast of Germany. An erratic is usually defined (in Germany) as an individual block of rock lying on the surface of the land which has a volume of at least one cubic metre and which was transported by a glacier to its present site during the ice age. Before the establishment of ice age theories, many stories and legends were woven around the giant "erratic blocks" of rock. On Rügen, there are a lot of interesting large erratics due to the particular location of the island during the ice ages and due to continuous coastal erosion. In the New Stone Age people built megalithic tombs out of erratics. On Rügen many of these have survived. Until the 19th century large erratics were used as quarries, in order to produce construction material for monuments (e. g. in 1854 the Prussia Columns near Neukamp and Groß Stresow or for the Ernst Moritz Arndt Tower on the Rugard, for coastal and harbour defences, cobblestones and millstones. Many erratics fell victim to the development of Rügen. Today erratics are seen as natural monuments that are worth keeping and have a greater significance. Data on the largest erratics on Rügen is given in the table below. Further information may be found on the individual article pages.

General

On the Baltic Sea island of Rügen and in its immediate vicinity there are a lot of particularly large erratics. There are two reasons for this. On the one hand, Rügen (especially the Jasmund peninsula) was the ice divide between the Belt and the Oderstrom glaciers of the Weichselian glaciation and, as a result, a band of debris typical of a medial moraine developed here. On the other hand, erratics have been exposed by coastal erosion (especially by the action of breakers) and may be found on beaches at the foot of sea cliffs. They were deposited here over the course of time from the layer of glacial till that was deposited in many places on top of the thick layer of chalk during the ice age. The main direction of the glacial stream came from the island of Bornholm, relatively close by, which is why several of the larger erratics on Rügen come from there. Erratics, whose area of origin can be determined from their internal structure and composition, are called indicator stones. The origin can be determined by information in the literature on glacial drifts, but also determined by comparison with samples from the bedrock. For Rügen there is a Nordic Collection at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald. By determining the origin of these large boulders, the directions of the individual glacial streams may be determined. Such erratics on Rügen, which are made of crystalline and metamorphic rock, that have a minimum volume of 10 m³ belong to the legally protected geotopes on the island. For most erratics, however the volume cannot be exactly worked out, because they are normally partly embedded in the ground. The sizes given in the list are based on estimates by the majority of geologists given in their publications. In addition the list shows the estimated above-ground volumes; the below-ground element is not recorded. The approximation factor of 0.6 is based on experience and accounts for the usual difference in volume from a rectangular block.

Table

1) Measurement based on the above-ground element based on the formula "length × width × height × 0.6 " (0.6 is an approximation factor) 2) The legally-protected geotopes in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are indexed by the State Office for the Environment, Conservation and Geology (Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie) in a land registry. They are designated with the prefix "G2" followed by their individual index number.

Erratics on land

Erratics in the water

See also Glacial series List of individual rocks

References

Literature Christian Svenson: Geschützte erratics der Insel Rügen. Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Güstrow 2005, (fachliche Kompetenz: Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald). Bernward Wember Große Steine auf Rügen: Steinmythos und Megalithkultur. Eine Schatzkammer der Steinzeit. Reprint-Verlag Rügen 2007, ISBN 978-3-939915-00-3

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Glacial erratics on and around Rügen

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Glacial erratics on and around Rügen claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Glacial erratics on and around Rügen before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Glacial erratics on and around Rügen ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Glacial erratics on and around Rügen

In research: Glacial erratics on and around Rügen appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Glacial erratics on and around Rügen in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Glacial erratics on and around Rügen is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Geography of Rügen, Germany geology-related lists, Glacial erratics of Germany, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Glacial erratics on and around Rügen outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Glacial erratics on and around Rügen in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Glacial erratics on and around Rügen means in your own words.
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Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Glacial erratics on and around Rügen in simple terms?

Why does Glacial erratics on and around Rügen matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Glacial erratics on and around Rügen?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Glacial erratics on and around Rügen.