science

Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership

Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership rather than just read about it. In short: The Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP), formerly the Water and Sanitation Program, is a trust fund administered by the World Bank geared at improving the accessibility and infrastructure of water and sanitation for underdeveloped countries. GWSP works in more than 25 countries through regional offices in Africa, East and South Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and an office in Washington, D.C.

Key takeaways

Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP), formerly the Water and Sanitation Program, is a trust fund administered by the World Bank geared at improving the accessibility and infrastructure of water and sanitation for underdeveloped countries. GWSP works in more than 25 countries through regional offices in Africa, East and South Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and an office in Washington, D.C. Heath P. Tarbert is the Acting Executive Director for the United States. The GWSP is best known for its work providing technical assistance, building partnerships and capacity building. GWSP focuses on both regulatory and structural changes and also behavior change projects, such as a scaling up handwashing project and scaling up sanitation project. Another key aspect of GWSP's work is sharing knowledge and best practices through multiple channels. The GWSP has determined five main focus areas: Sustainability, inclusion, institutions, financing, and resilience.

Activities In addition to other field projects, the program published 108 field notes and technical briefs in 2016. During this year, just under $40 billion US dollars was distributed worldwide, mostly in Africa. The program divides its efforts between the development of sanitation infrastructure and supplies and researching issues impacting the well-being of the communities lacking such facilities.

Countries affected

Africa

East Asia and the Pacific Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Laos Pakistan Philippines Vietnam

Latin America Bolivia Ecuador Haiti Honduras Nicaragua Peru

Other Focus Areas

Ending open defecation The program has devoted much of its influence to ending open defecation (OD) which affects 1 billion people worldwide and ultimately leading to an estimated 842,000 deaths annually. As part of the RWSP, the WSP began extensive collecting of data in several countries to explore the factors contributing to open defecation in rural areas. The main methodology they have developed is dubbed the SaniFOAM framework. It is focused on identifying the specific practices or attitudes that need to be improved within a community and then finding solutions to influence them to ultimately end open defecation.

Rural Water and Sanitation Project (RWSP) The Water and Sanitation Program focused mostly on metropolitan areas. The Rural Water and Sanitation Project focuses mainly on the rural areas that don't have access to the materials that the metropolitan areas do. The RWSP expands the water and sewage infrastructure in areas that only have it in a small part of the country. The project utilizes techniques to shift behavioral habits and sanitation marketing to create a demand for products and services to improve water quality. Beginning in 2006 it was implemented India, Indonesia, and Tanzania. It has now spread to over a dozen countries.

Water Partnership Program (WPP) The Water Partnership Program focuses on agricultural use of water. WPP recognizes that 70% of the freshwater is being used for agricultural usage. The WPP is researching into agriculture, and taking steps to preserve fresh water from being exploited for growing crops.

Methodology

Sustainability The GWSP has stated that their goal is to promote and help fund private sector initiatives in countries with limited access to water. The reasoning of the GWSP behind promoting development in the private sector is that they claim private water suppliers are able to provide better access with less cost, and that the public sector lacks the resources to improve the access to water. However, there have been criticisms made about the practice of water privatization in developing nations. Some criticisms include how, for the sake of increasing profit for water corporations, these private water suppliers do not do an adequate job of developing infrastructure, and once programs to aid development end, many lower-income households are left without access to inexpensive water. The GWSP takes steps to ensure the sustainability of water.

Plan for the future of population growth, urbanization, and climate change Infrastructure built to last and be maintained

Inclusion The GWSP includes everyone and makes sure not to discriminate anyone from water.

Institutions There are set rules that institutes make. GWSP tries to figure out the rules to expand its services.

Financing An estimate of US$114 billion per year until 2030 has been made. To reach that goal, the GWSP is taking steps balancing sources of income, making water affordable, and keeping the viability of water is kept up.

Resilience Extreme weather, and climate change will effect how the GWSP runs. The steps taken to help slow down the shock is to build buildings that are more resilient to temperature change while still providing water.

History In an effort to improve upon water and sanitation technology for impoverished nations, the World Bank and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) founded the program in 1978. The program and its forebearer UNDP invested most of its efforts to testing cost-effective technologies such as hand pumps and latrines for future implementation in the 1980s. However, as other world governments and organizations began developing systemic solutions and strategies to approach issues regarding safe water and sanitation, the program followed suit in widening its scope of impact. Beginning in the early 1990s the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program worked on sustainable solutions for communities to provide water for themselves. Their main objectives were to create systems that could stay in operation and help the communities be independent. By the end of the decade the program divided its efforts into both field projects and research and evaluation of the world's water systems and practices.

Donors The program is funded by several countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States, as well as by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

See also WASH Human right to water and sanitation Water issues in developing countries

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership

In research: Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Right to health, Sanitation, Water, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership in simple terms?

Why does Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership.