science

Globus-1M No.12L

Globus-1M No.12L is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Globus-1M No.12L rather than just read about it. In short: Globus-1M #12L or No.12L (Russian: Глобус-1М meaning Globe-1M), also known as Raduga-1M 2 (Russian: Радуга-1М meaning Rainbow-1M) is a Russian military communications satellite which is operated by the Russian Space Forces. It was the second Raduga-1M satellite to be launched – the first being Globus-1M #11L which was launched in 2008, and forms part of the Raduga satellite system.

Key takeaways

Globus-1M No.12L belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Globus-1M No.12L to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Globus-1M No.12L from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Globus-1M #12L or No.12L (Russian: Глобус-1М meaning Globe-1M), also known as Raduga-1M 2 (Russian: Радуга-1М meaning Rainbow-1M) is a Russian military communications satellite which is operated by the Russian Space Forces. It was the second Raduga-1M satellite to be launched – the first being Globus-1M #11L which was launched in 2008, and forms part of the Raduga satellite system. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 70 degrees East. Globus-1M #12L was built by JSC Information Satellite Systems, and is equipped with multiple transponders broadcasting centimetre-band and decimetre-band signals. It was launched by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Centre, using a Proton-M carrier rocket with a Briz-M upper stage. The launch occurred at 00:18:00 GMT on 28 January 2010, from Site 81/24 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The launch was successful, and inserted the satellite directly into geosynchronous orbit. At launch the satellite had a mass of 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb), with an expected operational lifespan of around 5 years. It is currently in a geostationary orbit, with an apogee of 35,788 kilometres (22,238 mi), a perigee of 35,784 kilometres (22,235 mi), zero degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 24 hours.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Globus-1M No.12L

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Globus-1M No.12L claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Globus-1M No.12L before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Globus-1M No.12L ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Globus-1M No.12L

In research: Globus-1M No.12L appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Globus-1M No.12L in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Globus-1M No.12L is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Communications satellite stubs, Satellites using the KAUR bus, Spacecraft launched in 2010, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Globus-1M No.12L outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Globus-1M No.12L in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Globus-1M No.12L means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Globus-1M No.12L out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Globus-1M No.12L in simple terms?

Why does Globus-1M No.12L matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Globus-1M No.12L?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Globus-1M No.12L.