biology

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain rather than just read about it. In short: Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain is a structural domain of glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety of targets including S-crystallin from squid, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1-gamma, the HSP26 family of stress-related proteins and auxin-regulated proteins in plants.

Key takeaways

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain is a structural domain of glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST conjugates reduced glutathione to a variety of targets including S-crystallin from squid, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1-gamma, the HSP26 family of stress-related proteins and auxin-regulated proteins in plants. The glutathione molecule binds in a cleft between N and C-terminal domains. The catalytically important residues are proposed to reside in the N-terminal domain. In plants, GSTs are encoded by a large gene family (48 GST genes in Arabidopsis) and can be divided into the phi, tau, theta, zeta, and lambda classes.

Biological function and classification In eukaryotes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) participate in the detoxification of reactive electrophilic compounds by catalysing their conjugation to glutathione. The GST domain is also found in S-crystallins from squid, and proteins with no known GST activity, such as eukaryotic elongation factors 1-gamma and the HSP26 family of stress-related proteins, which include auxin-regulated proteins in plants and stringent starvation proteins in Escherichia coli. The major lens polypeptide of cephalopods is also a GST. Bacterial GSTs of known function often have a specific, growth-supporting role in biodegradative metabolism: epoxide ring opening and tetrachlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenation are two examples of the reactions catalysed by these bacterial GSTs. Some regulatory proteins, like the stringent starvation proteins, also belong to the GST family. GST seems to be absent from Archaea in which gamma-glutamylcysteine substitute to glutathione as major thiol.

Oligomerization Glutathione S-transferases form homodimers, but in eukaryotes can also form heterodimers of the A1 and A2 or YC1 and YC2 subunits. The homodimeric enzymes display a conserved structural fold. Each monomer is composed of a distinct N-terminal sub-domain, which adopts the thioredoxin fold, and a C-terminal all-helical sub-domain. This entry is the C-terminal domain.

Human proteins containing this domain EEF1E1; EEF1G; GDAP1; GSTA1; GSTA2; GSTA3; GSTA4; GSTA5; GSTM1; GSTM2; GSTM3; GSTM4; GSTM5; GSTO1; GSTP1; GSTT1; GSTT2; GSTZ1; MARS; HPGDS; PTGDS2; PTGES2; VARS;

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain

In research: Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Protein domains, Single-pass transmembrane proteins, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain in simple terms?

Why does Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain.