biology

Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase

Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-D-xylose + N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N- acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D- mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminyl}asparagine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + N4-{N-acet…

Key takeaways

Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-D-xylose + N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N- acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D- mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminyl}asparagine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N- acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-[beta-D- xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl- (1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine The 5 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-D-xylose, [[N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-]], [[acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-]], [[mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-]], and [[glucosaminyl}asparagine]], whereas its 5 products are UDP, [[N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-]], [[acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]]-beta-D-, [[xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]], and [[(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine]]. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-D-xylose:glycoprotein (D-xylose to the 3,6-disubstituted mannose of N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-a cetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-man nosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glu cosaminyl}asparagine) 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase. Other names in common use include beta1,2-xylosyltransferase, UDP-D-xylose:glycoprotein (D-xylose to the 3,6-disubstituted mannose, of, 4-N-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-, acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-, mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-, and glucosaminyl}asparagine) 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycan structures - biosynthesis 1.

References

Zeng Y, Bannon G, Thomas VH, Rice K, Drake R, Elbein A (1997). "Purification and specificity of beta1,2-xylosyltransferase, an enzyme that contributes to the allergenicity of some plant proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (50): 31340–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.50.31340. PMID 9395463. Steinkellner H; Mucha, J; Mach, L; Altmann, F; Wilson, IB; Glössl, J; Steinkellner, H (2000). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of beta1, 2-xylosyltransferase cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana". FEBS Lett. 472 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01443-5. PMID 10781814.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase

In research: Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 2.4.2, EC 2.4 stubs, Enzymes of unknown structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-D-xylose + N4-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N- acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D- mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-be…

Why does Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase.