ArticleslgStudy

science

Cueva de los Tayos

Cueva de los Tayos is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Cueva de los Tayos rather than just read about it. In short: Cueva de los Tayos (Spanish, "Cave of the Oilbirds") is a cave located on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in the Morona-Santiago province of Ecuador. It owes its name to being the home of the native nocturnal birds called tayos (Steatornis caripensis), which live in numerous caves in the Andean jungles of South America.

Cueva de los Tayos — main illustration
Cueva de los Tayos — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Cueva de los Tayos belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Cueva de los Tayos to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Cueva de los Tayos from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Cueva de los Tayos (Spanish, "Cave of the Oilbirds") is a cave located on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in the Morona-Santiago province of Ecuador. It owes its name to being the home of the native nocturnal birds called tayos (Steatornis caripensis), which live in numerous caves in the Andean jungles of South America. The location became the focus of a popular myth perpetuated by Erich von Däniken about a hidden library of golden plates inscribed with hieroglyphs, variously ascribed to extraterrestrial beings or a lost human civilization. Despite numerous scientific and pseudoscientific expeditions, including one in 1976 that included American astronaut and engineer Neil Armstrong, the library has not been found. The consensus from the archeological community is that the "golden library" was a hoax.

Description Cueva de los Tayos is located in the high rainforest, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the Santiago River, and 800 metres (2,600 ft) west of the Coangos River. The entrance to the cave has a vertical void of 70 meters and local people were aware of this cave for centuries. According to a GPS measurement in 2008, its altitude is 539 metres (1,768 ft) above sea level. Located at an elevation of about 800 metres (2,600 ft) within thinly-bedded limestone and shale, the principal entrance to Cueva de Los Tayos is within a rainforest at the bottom of a dry valley. The largest of three entrances is a 65 metres (213 ft) deep shaft leading to 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) of spacious passages and a chamber measuring 90 by 240 metres (300 by 790 ft). The cave has a vertical range of 201 metres (659 ft) with its lowest point ending in a sump. It is currently (2023) the longest cave in Ecuador. The cave is used by the native Shuar people who descend into the cave each spring using vine ladders and bamboo torches to collect fledgling oilbirds ("guácharos" or "tayos" in Spanish). Written references to the cave go back as far as 1860 and it was visited by gold-seekers and military personnel in the 1960s. The cave is located inside the Sindical Center Coangos (formed by native people). The caves are not fully explored yet and local Shuar Indians have in-depth knowledge of the cave and they act as guides for cave explorers. Access to the cave is restricted. It is necessary to obtain permission (access and temporary visit) and pay a tax (designated to improve the communities) in Sucúa, Ecuador, at the Shuar Center Federation. (FICSH: Federación Interprovincial de Centros Shuar)

The "golden library" myth Janos ‘Juan’ Móricz was a Hungarian explorer who first reportedly discovered a "golden library" in the caves sometime in the 1960s. He was interested in the Thule Society, a German occult group, and had possible connections to the Nazi pseudo-scientific organization, the Ahnenerbe. He believed that Magyars, ancient Hungarians, traveled from Eastern Europe and reached South America through the Pacific by use of the lost continent of Lemuria. Móricz's essay, El Origen Americano de Pueblos Europeos (Spanish, "The American origin of European peoples") argues that the indigenous languages of South America share words with ancient Magyar and this supports his idea that South America is the cultural birthplace of humanity. The Golden Library is the last remnant of this ancient Magyar society. He claims that one of the caverns in the cave contains a polished stone desk with large books made of gold. Móricz describes the books as having "engraved hieroglyphs" and would later assign the writing as Phoenician and cuneiform. During this first encounter with the Golden Library, four aliens spoke telepathically to him congratulating for his 'wit' in getting into the cavern. He never gave an exact location to the metallic library and demanded that anyone wanting to verify his claims give him money. Móricz's evidence for his Magyar hyperdiffusion claim has been debunked by others and has been accepted as Móricz's search for a long-lost white race in the Americas.

Jaramillo's account Captain Petronio Jaramillo Abarca states that his childhood Shuar friend and their father had shown him the Golden Library. He states that the caves had a large number of carved stone animals and a large crystal coffin that stores a nine-foot-tall golden human skeleton. Jaramillo describes the Golden Library as "shelves made of yellow metal [that had] hundreds of huge books made of a golden metal". The books resembled geometry books according to him. The descriptions of the Golden Library differ from each account. Jaramillo would later describe the Golden Library as having Magyar writings. Jaramillo's wife states that she never believed her husband. She says "I knew it wasn't true [...] it isn't true he grew up as a child with [the Shuar]".

The 1968 Mormon Expedition A group of Mormons came to believe that the metal plates that Móricz claimed were in the cave were the same golden plates described in the book of the Prophet Joseph Smith. The Mormons requested Móricz's guidance in the expedition, but he never took the Mormons to the supposed 'Golden Library'. According to Avril Jesperson, one of the people in the Mormon expedition, Móricz didn't know what he was doing, "It seemed this was the first trip Móricz took to the area". Jesperson reiterates his claim years later, believing that Móricz had never been to the caves and had never seen the supposed Golden Library.

The Gold of the Gods A 1969 expedition to the cave is described in Pino Turolla's 1970 book Beyond the Andes. Erich von Däniken wrote in his 1973 book The Gold of the Gods that János Juan Móricz (1923–1991) had claimed to have explored Cueva de los Tayos in 1969 and discovered mounds of gold, unusual sculptures, and a metallic library. These items were said to be in artificial tunnels that had been created by a lost civilization with help from extraterrestrial beings. Von Däniken had previously claimed in his 1968 book, Chariots of the Gods?, that extraterrestrials were involved in ancient civilizations. It is rumored strongly that the cave contains relics of a lost civilization.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Cueva de los Tayos illustration

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Cueva de los Tayos

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Cueva de los Tayos claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Cueva de los Tayos before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Cueva de los Tayos ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Cueva de los Tayos

In research
Cueva de los Tayos appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Cueva de los Tayos in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Cueva de los Tayos is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Caves of Ecuador, Geography of Morona-Santiago Province, Limestone caves, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Cueva de los Tayos outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Cueva de los Tayos in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Cueva de los Tayos means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Cueva de los Tayos out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Cueva de los Tayos in simple terms?

Cueva de los Tayos (Spanish, "Cave of the Oilbirds") is a cave located on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in the Morona-Santiago province of Ecuador. It owes its name to being the home of the native nocturnal birds called tayos (Steatornis caripensis), which live in numerous caves in the…

Why does Cueva de los Tayos matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Cueva de los Tayos?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Cueva de los Tayos.

Tags

  • Caves of Ecuador
  • Geography of Morona-Santiago Province
  • Limestone caves
  • Pseudoarchaeology

Keep exploring