science

Goodhart Newbury Manflier

Goodhart Newbury Manflier is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Goodhart Newbury Manflier rather than just read about it. In short: The Goodhart Newbury Manflier was a two-place human-powered aircraft designed by Nicholas Goodhart. Its most notable feature was that the two pilots were placed in separate fuselages, spaced 70 ft apart.

Key takeaways

Goodhart Newbury Manflier belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Goodhart Newbury Manflier to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Goodhart Newbury Manflier from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Goodhart Newbury Manflier was a two-place human-powered aircraft designed by Nicholas Goodhart. Its most notable feature was that the two pilots were placed in separate fuselages, spaced 70 ft apart.

Design and development The genesis of the aircraft was detailed in a paper presented at a 1974 conference hosted by the Man-Powered Aircraft Group of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and later published in its Journal. In the paper, after initially describing the requirements for an aircraft to win the Kremer Prize then on offer, Goodhart proposed a two-person monoplane, with a 100 ft wingspan, with each pilot being located in separate nacelles at the wingtips. This configuration would reduce the bending moments on the wing spar, and hence the overall weight. Turning radius would be in the order of 1,000 ft, and with each pilot generating 0.20 hp (or 140 watts) to maintain flight. The design evolved, so that when construction of the Newbury Manflier commenced in November 1976, the span had increased, and the location of the nacelles moved to approximately half-way between the centre of the craft and the wingtips. Each pilot sat in their own fuselage, sitting atop of an aluminium-framed bicycle and pedalling a two bladed pusher propeller, located at rear of a fairing. Pitch control was achieved by all-flying elevators located at the end of tail booms. Lateral control would be accomplished by warping the outboard wings. There were no rudders, with the oversized propeller fairings acting as tailfins. Directional control was to be achieved by one pilot pedalling faster than the other. Construction was of aluminium tubing, spruce, styrofoam, balsa, with the covering being transparent plastic. The craft was designed to be disassembled into six pieces for easy storage and transportation. The Newbury Manflier first flew in November 1979, at RAF Greenham Common. The project was halted soon after due to hangar space at the base no longer being available, and the success of the American Gossamer aircraft limiting what was left to achieve. A number of the aircraft components are held by the Science Museum at the National Collections Centre at Wroughton.

Documentary A 30 minute documentary on the Newbury Manflier was produced by BBC South. Called Project Manflier, the documentary was filmed between November 1978 and April 1981, and included coverage of the aircraft's initial taxiing trials, three of the flight trials, and its disassembly. The reporter and narrator was Mike Debens, and the producer was John Frost. The programme was first broadcast on BBC Two on 15 August 1981.

Specifications Data from The Formation Flight of Human Powered Aircraft across the English Channel in the SpringGeneral characteristics Crew: 2 Wingspan: 137.8 ft (42.0 m) Wing area: 648.3 sq ft (60.23 m2) Aspect ratio: 29.3 Empty weight: 160 lb (73 kg) Gross weight: 460 lb (209 kg) Performance

Cruise speed: 16 mph (26 km/h, 14 kn) Wing loading: 0.71 lb/sq ft (3.5 kg/m2)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Goodhart Newbury Manflier

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Goodhart Newbury Manflier claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Goodhart Newbury Manflier before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Goodhart Newbury Manflier ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Goodhart Newbury Manflier

In research: Goodhart Newbury Manflier appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Goodhart Newbury Manflier in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Goodhart Newbury Manflier is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1970s British experimental aircraft, Aircraft first flown in 1979, Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Goodhart Newbury Manflier outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Goodhart Newbury Manflier in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Goodhart Newbury Manflier means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Goodhart Newbury Manflier out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Goodhart Newbury Manflier in simple terms?

Why does Goodhart Newbury Manflier matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Goodhart Newbury Manflier?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Goodhart Newbury Manflier.