astronomy

Gorizont 33

Gorizont 33 is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Gorizont 33 rather than just read about it. In short: Gorizont 33 (Russian: Горизонт 33 meaning "Horizon 33"), also known as Gorizont 45L, was a Russian communications satellite operated by Kosmicheskiya Svyaz (RSCC). It was the last satellite to be launched as part of the Gorizont constellation.

Key takeaways

Gorizont 33 belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Gorizont 33 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Gorizont 33 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Gorizont 33 (Russian: Горизонт 33 meaning "Horizon 33"), also known as Gorizont 45L, was a Russian communications satellite operated by Kosmicheskiya Svyaz (RSCC). It was the last satellite to be launched as part of the Gorizont constellation. Constructed by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM), it was based on the KAUR-3 satellite bus. Its launch was contracted by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, using a Proton-K / Briz-M launch vehicle.

Launch The launch occurred at 02:59:00 UTC on 6 June 2000 from Site 81/24 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. This was the first successful launch of a Proton with a Briz-M upper stage, and as the previous Proton/Briz-M launch failed during the second stage burn, on 5 July 1999, the first firing of a Briz-M in flight. The Proton itself flew with uprated engines, increasing its payload capacity ahead of the launch of Zvezda, a little over a month later, on 12 July 2000. The launch was conducted as a test flight of the Proton, and the satellite would not have been considered a significant loss if it had not reached orbit.

Mission Following its launch and on-orbit testing, it was placed in geosynchronous orbit at 145° East, from where it provides communications services to Russia. It carried seven transponders, and had an expected on-orbit lifespan of three years. Its stabilisation system failed in March 2008, leaving the satellite drifting at a rate of 0.3° West per day, eight years after it had been launched.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Gorizont 33

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Gorizont 33 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Gorizont 33 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Gorizont 33 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Gorizont 33

In research: Gorizont 33 appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Gorizont 33 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Gorizont 33 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Communications satellite stubs, Communications satellites in geostationary orbit, Gorizont satellites, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Gorizont 33 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Gorizont 33” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Gorizont 33 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Gorizont 33 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Gorizont 33 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Gorizont 33 in simple terms?

Why does Gorizont 33 matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Gorizont 33?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Gorizont 33.