engineering

Gromov Flight Research Institute

Gromov Flight Research Institute is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Gromov Flight Research Institute rather than just read about it. In short: The Gromov Flight Research Institute or GFRI for short (Russian: Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова, Russian: ЛИИ) is an important Russian State Research Centre which operates an aircraft test base located in Zhukovsky, 40 km south-east of Moscow. The airfield is also known as Ramenskoye air base.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

The Gromov Flight Research Institute or GFRI for short (Russian: Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова, Russian: ЛИИ) is an important Russian State Research Centre which operates an aircraft test base located in Zhukovsky, 40 km south-east of Moscow. The airfield is also known as Ramenskoye air base. The airfield was used as the backup landing site for the Shuttle Buran test program and also as a test base for a Buran's aerodynamic prototype BTS-002. GFRI periodically hosts the MAKS International Air Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI also hosts Zhukovsky International Airport.

History

Foundation The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of the institute kept developing recommendations to eliminate defects in flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft, flight testing of the aircraft prototypes, studied the foreign aircraft and equipment, both purchased and taken as trophies.

Cold War Zhukovsky airfield was the Soviet Union's equivalent to the US Edwards AFB and as such many types of aircraft underwent evaluation. Here some western aircraft were tested or analyzed:

Wrecks from F-111s shot down over North Vietnam were sent to Zhukovskiy to be analyzed. Pieces of US planes shot down in North Vietnam and their captured electronic countermeasures equipment were taken for evaluation (F-111, A-6, A-7, B-52, F-4, F105, etc.). Captured VNAF helicopters are believed to have been tested (UH-1H, CH-47).

Perestroika times

In 2001 GFRI had a staff of about 5000 then headed by Vyacheslav M. Bakaev. Number of research flying test-beds was about 70 complemented with 20 multipurpose test stands and simulators. The institute also supported Fedotov Test Pilot School. Newly built by AMST of Austria centrifuge then was one of the advanced in the world having a gondola with a 3D visual projection system and formed the core of GFRI's aerospace medical research complex. As said Vilgelm I. Vid (GFRI deputy chief for civil aviation) the institute pioneered a civil aircraft upset recovery system to decrease a number of CFIT accidents originated in aeroplane upsets. However, Bakaev said GFRI was passing through economic difficulties as most Russian aeronautical facilities. The institute was downsized by about 30% since 1996, and most of the test aircraft were underutilized. Due to financial problems in the 1990s (known as perestroika times), tourist fighter flights in former secret jets became available, mainly for wealthy western tourists. The security check was comparable to the Russian visa. On offer for flights was the Aero L-39 Albatros jet trainer, the Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23, MiG-25 for stratosphere "Edge of Space" flights, the MiG-29 Fulcrum and even the Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker. From June 2006, such flights were stopped. The airline was established by the institute in 1995 as a wholly owned commercial subsidiary and named Gromov Air (later Moskovia Airlines).

Current research and development activities Aerospace flight research and testing in low and high speed aerodynamics, flight dynamics, propulsion and avionics technologies (GLL-8 (Gll-VK) Igla). Testing and certification services for prototype aircraft and on-board equipment. Research in aircraft flight safety, reliability, maintainability and other operating capabilities. Fedotov Test Pilot School for training test pilots, navigators, and on-board test engineers. Development, production and operation of a variety of flying testbeds including those based on the Tu-154, Su-30, Il-76, Il-103 aeroplanes, Mi-8 helicopters, etc. Development and production of flight testing instrumentation (low and high frequency data collection solid state storage systems, vibration parameters measuring devices, instant temperature sensors, miniaturized flat piezoresistance beat and pressure distribution sensors, hot-wire airflow velocity vector transducers and aerodynamic friction stress measurement products, etc.).

Testbed aeroplanes

Notable employees

Heads of the institute Mikhail Gromov (March – August 1941) Alexandr Chesalov (1941–1942 and 1943–1947) Vasily Molokov (1942–1943) Ivan Petrov (1947–1951) Alexandr Kobzarev (1951–1954) Nickolay Stroev (1954–1966) Victor Utkin (1966–1981) Arseny Mironov (1981–1985) Konstantin Vasilchenko (1985–1995) Felix Zolotariev (1995–1998) Viacheslav Bakaev (1998–2004) Yury Klishin (2005–2006) Vadim Shalygin (2006–2007) Evgeny Gorbunov (2007–2009) Pavel Vlasov (2010–2017) Evgeny Pushkarsky (since 2017)

Scientists, test pilots, navigators, and engineers Sergei Anokhin Yuri Garnaev Anatoly Kvochur Viktor Korostiev Anatoly Levchenko Leonid Lobas Guy Severin Rimantas Stankevičius Amet-khan Sultan Ural Sultanov Max Taitz Igor Volk

See also Armstrong Flight Research Center – the USA counterpart of the Gromov Flight Research Institute List of aerospace flight test centres

References

External links "General info on the old and frozen GFRI site". Gromov Flight Research Institute. Retrieved January 6, 2018. "Aviasalon (MAKS) Homepage". JSC Aviasalon. Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2018. GFRI airfield at Google Maps Historical video to celebrate 80 years of Gromov Flight Research Institute (in Russian)

Illustrations

Gromov Flight Research Institute illustration

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Gromov Flight Research Institute

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Gromov Flight Research Institute claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Gromov Flight Research Institute before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Gromov Flight Research Institute ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Gromov Flight Research Institute

In research: Gromov Flight Research Institute appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Gromov Flight Research Institute in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Gromov Flight Research Institute is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Aerospace engineering organizations, Aerospace research institutes, Airports built in the Soviet Union, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Gromov Flight Research Institute outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Gromov Flight Research Institute in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Gromov Flight Research Institute means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Gromov Flight Research Institute in simple terms?

Why does Gromov Flight Research Institute matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Gromov Flight Research Institute?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Gromov Flight Research Institute.