engineering

Grove Street Cemetery

Grove Street Cemetery is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Grove Street Cemetery rather than just read about it. In short: Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground is a cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Surrounded by the Yale University campus, it was organized in 1796 as the New Haven Burying Ground and incorporated in October 1797 to replace the crowded burial ground on the New Haven Green.

Key takeaways

Grove Street Cemetery belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Grove Street Cemetery to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Grove Street Cemetery from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground is a cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Surrounded by the Yale University campus, it was organized in 1796 as the New Haven Burying Ground and incorporated in October 1797 to replace the crowded burial ground on the New Haven Green. The first private, nonprofit cemetery in the world, it was one of the earliest burial grounds to have a planned layout, with plots permanently owned by individual families, a structured arrangement of ornamental plantings, and paved and named streets and avenues. By introducing ideas like permanent memorials and the sanctity of the deceased body, the cemetery became "a real turning point... a whole redefinition of how people viewed death and dying", according to historian Peter Dobkin Hall. Many notable Yale and New Haven luminaries are buried in the Grove Street Cemetery, including 14 Yale presidents; nevertheless, it was not restricted to members of the upper class, and was open to all. In 2000, Grove Street Cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark.

History

Establishment (1796) For the first 160 years of permanent settlement, New Haven residents buried their dead on the New Haven Green, the town's central open space and churchyard. Stones date back to the 17th century and include gravestones include markers by the Thomas Johnson Shop, William Stanclift, John Gaud, William Holland, Caleb Lamson, Michael Baldwin, Joseph Johnson, Thomas Spellman, Thomas Gold, David Miller, and the New Haven Ritter Shop. In 1794–95, a yellow fever plague swept the town. The increased demand for burial space prompted James Hillhouse, a businessman and U.S. Senator, to invite other prominent families in the town to establish a dedicated burial ground on farmland bordering the town. In 1796, thirty-two families purchased a tract just north of Grove Street, the tract was enclosed by a wooden fence, which was prone to rotting and needed to be replaced frequently. At first consisting of 6 acres (0.024 km2), the cemetery was quickly subscribed and thereafter expanded to nearly 18 acres (0.073 km2). In 1821, the monuments on the green were removed to the Grove Street Cemetery.

Gateway and fence construction (1845–49) Completed in 1845, the entrance on Grove Street is a brownstone Egyptian Revival gateway, designed by the New Haven architect Henry Austin with carving executed by sculptor Hezekiah Augur, both of whom are buried at the cemetery. The style, popular in New England in that era, was chosen to reinforce the antiquity of the site. The lintel of the gateway is inscribed "The Dead Shall Be Raised." The quotation is taken from 1 Corinthians 15.52: "For the trumpet will sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed." Supposedly, Yale President Arthur Twining Hadley said of the inscription, "They certainly will be, if Yale needs the property." In 1848–49, the perimeter of the cemetery was surrounded on three sides by an 8-foot (2.4 m) stone wall.

Historic landmark The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Secretary of the Interior in 2000, citing its history and the architectural significance of its gateway.

Conflict over perimeter fence In 2008, Yale announced plans to construct two new residential colleges just north of the cemetery. In 2009, university administrators and affiliates suggested to the cemetery proprietors that an additional gate be constructed in the north section of the historic wall that surrounds the burial ground to permit pedestrians to walk through the cemetery from the main Yale campus to the planned new colleges. In addition, the proprietors considered a proposal brought forward by one proprietor that would replace portions of the stone sections of the wall bordering Prospect Street with iron fencing similar to that already running along the cemetery's southern border on Grove Street. The proposal, withdrawn following a public meeting, included architectural and landscaping designs by Yale Architecture School Dean Robert A.M. Stern.

Notable burials and memorials

James Rowland Angell (1869–1949), President of Yale University Kanichi Asakawa (1873–1948), historian Jehudi Ashmun (1794–1828), religious leader, and social reformer, agent of the African Colonization Society Hezekiah Augur (1791–1858), wood carver, sculptor and inventor Henry Austin (1804–1891), architect, designed the gate of the cemetery, Yale's College Library (which became Dwight Hall), and several mansions on Hillhouse Avenue Alice Mabel Bacon (1858–1918), women educator (niece of Delia Bacon) Delia Bacon (1811–1859), originator of the proposition that Francis Bacon wrote the plays attributed to Shakespeare Leonard Bacon (1802–1881), clergyman and abolitionist (father of Alice Mabel Bacon and brother of Delia Bacon) Charles Montague Bakewell (1867–1957), politician Roger Sherman Baldwin (1793–1863), Governor of Connecticut Simeon Baldwin (1761–1851), Mayor of New Haven Simeon E. Baldwin (1840–1927), Governor of Connecticut Ida Barney (1886–1982) noted female American astronomer Ebenezer Bassett (1833–1908), African-American educator and diplomat; US Ambassador to Haiti John Bassett (1652–1714), captain of the trainband; deputy to the General Court (legislature) of Connecticut Colony Lyman Beecher (1775–1863), abolitionist, father of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher Nathan Beers (1763–1861), paymaster to Connecticut troops in the American Revolution Hiram Bingham I (1789–1869), Hawaiian missionary and clergyman James Bishop (d. 1691), Secretary, Lieutenant Governor and Deputy Governor of New Haven Jurisdiction Eli Whitney Blake (1795–1886), manufacturer and inventor of the stone crusher. His brother, Philos, invented the corkscrew William Whiting Boardman (1794–1871), politician Edward Gaylord Bourne (1860–1908), historian and educator. Leader in the American Historical Association. Phineas Bradley (1745–1797), soldier. Captain, commander of the artillery defending New Haven, July 5, 1779 William H. Brewer (1828–1910), scientist. Helped found the Yale Forestry School; co-founder, with Samuel William Johnson, also buried here, of the first U.S. Agricultural Experiment Station

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Grove Street Cemetery

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Grove Street Cemetery claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Grove Street Cemetery before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Grove Street Cemetery ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Grove Street Cemetery

In research: Grove Street Cemetery appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Grove Street Cemetery in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Grove Street Cemetery is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1796 establishments in Connecticut, Buildings and structures completed in 1796, Buildings and structures in New Haven, Connecticut, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Grove Street Cemetery outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Grove Street Cemetery in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Grove Street Cemetery means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Grove Street Cemetery out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Grove Street Cemetery in simple terms?

Why does Grove Street Cemetery matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Grove Street Cemetery?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Grove Street Cemetery.