The Hall of State (originally the State of Texas Building) is a building in Dallas's Fair Park that commemorates the history of the U.S. state of Texas and is considered one of the best examples of Art Deco architecture in the state. It was designed and built for the Texas Centennial Exposition.
Site The Hall of State is located at Fair Park, an 80-acre fairground in East Dallas. It is located at the west end of the 1,500-foot (460 m) long Esplanade of State which is flanked by six exhibition pavilions and features a long reflecting pool. The Dallas State Fair (later the State Fair of Texas) has been held at Fair Park since 1886. City leaders, such as R. L. Thornton, Fred Florence, and George Waverley Briggs, wanted Dallas to be chosen as the host city for the Texas Centennial Exposition. They worked on building public support and hired architect, George Dahl, to draw up preliminary plans. Dallas was chosen as the host city in September 1934. City officials offered the land at Fair Park and promised $8 million would go towards the Centennial, even if they did not get any state or federal funds. In spring 1935, Texas House Bill 11 passed, which allocated $1,000,000 towards buildings for the Texas Centennial Exposition on the State Fair of Texas fairgrounds plus $200,000 to "equip and furnish the structure."
Design and architecture
Architects In September 1934, when Dallas submitted its bid to become the host city for the Centennial Exposition, George Dahl’s conceptual sketches for the State of Texas building were presented to the Texas Centennial Commission. This version included a cylindrical tower with a gold star on top in the center of the building with pavilions on each side. By June 1935, these plans, minus the tower, were published in the Dallas Morning News. Dahl’s design was approved by the Exposition Commission and the Texas Centennial Commission. Around June 20, the Centennial Board of Control, a group established by the Texas Legislature to oversee and disburse money set aside for the Centennial, contracted the Texas Centennial Architects, Associated to design the building. This group included ten prominent Dallas architects, such as Mark Lemmon, Hal Thomson, Roscoe DeWitt, Marion Foosher, Anton Korn, Ralph Bryan, Walter Sharp, and Arthur Thomas. On June 24 and 29, 1935, this group presented their designs for the State of Texas building. These new designs attempted to bring the building’s costs down to the amount set by the Texas Legislature ($1 million). By July 3, 1935, none of these designs had been approved. The next day, Mark Lemmon offered Donald Barthelme the position of chief designer for the State of Texas building. By July 9, Barthelme presented his designs, which were approved by the State Board of Control in Austin. The final revisions to his design was approved on July 20, 1935. All three entities involved—the Texas Centennial Central Exposition Corporation, the Texas Centennial Commission, and the Centennial Board of Control—approved his design.
Construction The formal groundbreaking ceremony for the Hall of State was on October 12, 1935. The original building plans included two additional rooms, the Hall of 1836 and the Hall of 1936. To keep costs down, they were not built, although their foundations were poured. By February 1936, the building's steel framework was up, but only the exterior of the building was ready when the Centennial opened on June 6, 1936. The building was officially dedicated as the State of Texas building on September 6, 1936. The building's cost totalled $1.2 million.
Exterior
Grounds The grassy area around the building contains several sculptures:
"R. L. Thornton" statue (1969) by Waldine Tauch. "Little Lady Liberty," donated to Fair Park by the Boy Scouts of America in the 1950s. "Berlin Bear/Berliner Bar" (1970) by Hildebert Kliem.
Portico Tejas The curved exedra at the entrance to the Hall of Texas features 76-foot (23 m) tall limestone pillars sit in front of blue tiles designed to evoke the state's flower, the bluebonnet (Lupinus texensis). In the center, above the entrance is an 11-foot (3.4 m) bronze with gold leaf statue called the "Tejas Warrior" by Allie Tennant. The archer holds high a bow without an arrow, meant to symbolize peace. The archer statue points to the symbolic seal of Texas designed by Donald Barthelme and carved by Harry Lee Gibson. This carving depicts the Lady of Texas holding a shield with the Texas flag on it and a torch. To her right is an owl, a key, and pecan leaves. Gibson also carved the century plant fountains outside of the building and shapes of domestic animals such as steer, pronghorn antelope, mountain lion, bighorn sheep, and bison over the balcony doors. The bronze front doors were designed by Donald Barthelme and include figures representing industry and agriculture in Texas: lariats, cattle, cow ponies, wheat sheaves, cotton bolls, saw blades, pinecones, oil rigs, and gushing oil.
Frieze The names of the following 60 prominent historical figures in Texas' history are on the exterior frieze of the Hall of State:
The front frieze is designed so that if you look at the first letters, architect's name is spelled out (Barthelme).
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