science

Hallwag

Hallwag is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hallwag rather than just read about it. In short: Hallwag was a Swiss publishing and printing company based in Bern, whose name is a contraction of "Haller and Wagner". It was a leading publisher of technical and specialist works as well as maps.

Key takeaways

Hallwag belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hallwag to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hallwag from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Hallwag was a Swiss publishing and printing company based in Bern, whose name is a contraction of "Haller and Wagner". It was a leading publisher of technical and specialist works as well as maps.

History Hallwag was founded in Bern in 1912, when Otto Richard Wagner—an emigrant from Rottenburg am Neckar and owner of the Wagner publishing house, established around 1900—took over the printing firm Haller AG, which dated from 1711. By 1914 Hallwag's seat was in the Lorraine district of Bern. Wagner published specialist magazines, including Revue automobile, Sport, Die schweizerische Baukunst, Technische Rundschau, and the Revue suisse de médecine. In the 1920s the catalogue was enlarged with a collection of road maps (Europa Touring). During the Second World War Hallwag moved into book publishing, later adding paperback collections and the Helveticus yearbook. The company dominated the market for technical and specialist works (medicine, zoology, natural sciences) as well as cartography. In 1998 the printing works closed and its activities were taken over by Benteli Druck AG in Bern. In 2001 the Munich publishing house Gräfe & Unzer bought Hallwag's publishing division. At the end of 2001 Hallwag acquired the cartographic department of the bankrupt Kümmerly & Frey, and on 11 March 2002 the two map businesses were combined into a new company, Hallwag Kümmerly+Frey AG. Around the same time the German group Mairs acquired a majority of the cartography business. The company is still active and has been part of the MairDumont group since 2016.

References This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY SA. Text taken from Hallwag, Andrea Weibel, Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

Bibliography Fünfzig Jahre Hallwag AG, 1912–1962, 1962

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hallwag

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hallwag claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hallwag before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hallwag ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hallwag

In research: Hallwag appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hallwag in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hallwag is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Companies based in Bern, Map companies, Publishing companies established in 1912, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hallwag outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hallwag in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hallwag means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hallwag out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hallwag in simple terms?

Hallwag was a Swiss publishing and printing company based in Bern, whose name is a contraction of "Haller and Wagner". It was a leading publisher of technical and specialist works as well as maps.

Why does Hallwag matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hallwag?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hallwag.