biology

Hans Fruhstorfer

Hans Fruhstorfer is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hans Fruhstorfer rather than just read about it. In short: Hans Fruhstorfer (1866 – 1922) was a German explorer, insect and shell trader and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He collected and described new species of exotic butterflies, especially in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World.

Key takeaways

Hans Fruhstorfer belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hans Fruhstorfer to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hans Fruhstorfer from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Hans Fruhstorfer (1866 – 1922) was a German explorer, insect and shell trader and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He collected and described new species of exotic butterflies, especially in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World. He is best known for his work on the butterflies of Java. Fruhstorfer was born on 7 March 1866 in Passau, Kingdom of Bavaria. His career began in 1888 when he spent two years in Brazil. His expedition in Brazil was financially successful and led to his becoming a professional collector. After his successful endeavor, he spent some time in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon), then in 1890 he went to Java for three years, visiting Sumatra. Between 1895 and 1896 he collected in Sulawesi, Lombok and Bali. In 1899, he went on a three-year journey to the United States, Oceania, Japan, China, Tonkin, Annam and Siam, returning via India. Following his travels, he settled in Geneva where he wrote monographs based on the specimens in his extensive private collection. Many of these were incorporated into Seitz's work. In taxonomy he made extensive use of the structure of the male genitalia. Fruhstorfer, in these years also studied Palearctic butterflies, Orthoptera and botany. No longer travelling himself, Fruhstorfer employed the collectors Hans Sauter in Taiwan (then Formosa) and Franz Werner in New Guinea. Fruhstorfer's collections are deposited at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, the Natural History Museum in London and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, as well as in many other museums. Fruhstorfer died in Munich on 9 April 1922, following a failed operation for cancer.

Legacy Fruhstorfer is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of snake, Tetralepis fruhstorferi, which is endemic to Java.

Works

Partial list:

"Verzeichnis der von mir in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Nymphaliden und Besprechung verwandter Formen", Wiener entomologische Zeitung 25: 307–362, pls. 1,2. (1906) "Family Pieridae", in Adalbert Seitz (ed.) The Macrolepidoptera of the World 9: 119–190, pls. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart. (1910) "Family Lycaenidae", in Adalbert Seitz (ed.) The Macrolepidoptera of the World 9: 803–901, pls. (part) Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart. (1915–1924) Wikispecies (see below) provides another list and links to digitised papers by Fruhstorfer

References

Sources The Entomologist, by Royal Entomological Society of London, British Trust for Entomology. 1922 - Page 144. via - Google Books. Otakar Kudrna 1985: "European butterflies named by Hans Fruhstorfer" in Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo. (Suppl.) 5 : 1-60. Gerardo Lamas: "A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922†)" (PDF) in Entomofauna 26 6): 57–100. via - Internet Archive.

External links Abadjiev, Stanislav P. (14 April 2004). "Hans Fruhstorfer (1866—1922)". Lepidopterology.com

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hans Fruhstorfer

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hans Fruhstorfer claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hans Fruhstorfer before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hans Fruhstorfer ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hans Fruhstorfer

In research: Hans Fruhstorfer appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hans Fruhstorfer in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hans Fruhstorfer is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1866 births, 1922 deaths, 19th-century German explorers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hans Fruhstorfer outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hans Fruhstorfer in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hans Fruhstorfer means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hans Fruhstorfer out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hans Fruhstorfer in simple terms?

Why does Hans Fruhstorfer matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hans Fruhstorfer?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hans Fruhstorfer.