In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
Origin Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).
Distribution It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000–500 years ago). The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:
Subclades
Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.
S (64-40 kya) in Australia S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC S2b1(27-9 kya) found in NT, QLD and VIC S2b2 (37-12 kya) found in WA, NT and QLD S-T152C! S3 (17-1 kya) found in NT S4 found in NT S5 found in WA S6 found in NSW
See also
Genealogical DNA test Genetic genealogy Human mitochondrial genetics Population genetics
References
External links General Mannis van Oven's Phylotree Haplogroup S Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site: Haplogroup S mitoLEAF's Haplogroup S FamilyTreeDNA's Mitotree: Haplogroup S