engineering

Hardau Residential Complex

Hardau Residential Complex is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hardau Residential Complex rather than just read about it. In short: The Hardau Residential Complex (German: Hardau Hochhaus or Wohnsiedlung Hardau II) is a high-rise residential complex in Zürich, Switzerland. Built between 1976 and 1978, the complex consists of four towers, with the tallest one (Tower 1 or Bullingerstrasse 73) standing at 95.4 m (313 ft) tall with 33 floors which is the second tallest building in Zürich and the 13th tallest building in Switzerland.

Key takeaways

Hardau Residential Complex belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hardau Residential Complex to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hardau Residential Complex from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Hardau Residential Complex (German: Hardau Hochhaus or Wohnsiedlung Hardau II) is a high-rise residential complex in Zürich, Switzerland. Built between 1976 and 1978, the complex consists of four towers, with the tallest one (Tower 1 or Bullingerstrasse 73) standing at 95.4 m (313 ft) tall with 33 floors which is the second tallest building in Zürich and the 13th tallest building in Switzerland.

History

Site The residential development is located next to the smaller Hardau I complex developed in the 1960s. Hardau II consists of a total of four residential high-rises with 21 to 31 habitable floors, two four-story residential blocks with five apartment buildings each, a retirement community of the same height with a staff house and a retirement home. The properties in the development include a total of 573 apartments, a kindergarten, various neighborhood facilities and ground floor commercial spaces. The highest residential tower (Bullingerstrasse 73), stands at an official height of 95.4 metres. It was the tallest building in the city of Zürich and subsequently in Switzerland between 1978 and 2011 when the Prime Tower was completed, and still one of the tallest residential buildings in the country. It is located in the Hard quarter on Bullingerstrasse or Norastrasse of District 4, situated in the western part of Zürich. The Letzigrund Stadium is located in the immediate vicinity to the west of the development.

Architecture All the four towers display a square floor plan were built by the architect Max P. Kollbrunner between 1976 and 1978 as part of the first Swiss high-rise boom. The target group was older couples and individuals. Accordingly, the majority of the apartments were 2½-room apartments. The settlement was intended to alleviate the housing shortage and to offer a smaller apartment to parents with adult children who wanted to move, as well as older people who wanted to stay in the area. The enthusiasm for high-rise buildings gradually waned in the following years; the development became slums because it was not attractive enough for families with children. In 1984, an initiative adopted by the people put a political end to the construction of high-rise buildings in Zurich's inner city. From 2000 onwards, taller buildings were again built in the area surrounding the Hardau development. The city of Zurich, as the owner of the Hardau buildings, combined a necessary renovation of the building technology with the creation of large apartments by combining smaller units. New kitchens, new paint and other adjustments upgraded the development between 2006 and 2007. Along with the general upgrading of the surrounding area, the reputation of the development also changed.

Buildings

See also List of tallest buildings in Switzerland

References

External links

Hardau Hochhaus I at CTBUH Harder Hochhaus III in Zurich at SKYDB Stadt Zürich – Liegenschaften Stadtkreis 4: Wohnsiedlung Hardau 2

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hardau Residential Complex

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hardau Residential Complex claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hardau Residential Complex before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hardau Residential Complex ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hardau Residential Complex

In research: Hardau Residential Complex appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hardau Residential Complex in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hardau Residential Complex is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1978 establishments in Switzerland, 20th-century architecture in Switzerland, Buildings and structures completed in 1978, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hardau Residential Complex outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hardau Residential Complex in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hardau Residential Complex means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hardau Residential Complex out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hardau Residential Complex in simple terms?

Why does Hardau Residential Complex matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hardau Residential Complex?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hardau Residential Complex.