chemistry

Harold Friedman

Harold Friedman is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Harold Friedman rather than just read about it. In short: Harold Leo Friedman (born 24 March 1923 in Manhattan, New York City; died 16 September 2005 in Stony Brook, Long Island, New York) was an American physical chemist who contributed to the study of thermodynamic properties of fluids with applications in oceanography and physiology. He received his undergraduate degree and Ph.D in chemistry from the University of Chicago.

Key takeaways

Harold Friedman belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Harold Friedman to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Harold Friedman from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Harold Leo Friedman (born 24 March 1923 in Manhattan, New York City; died 16 September 2005 in Stony Brook, Long Island, New York) was an American physical chemist who contributed to the study of thermodynamic properties of fluids with applications in oceanography and physiology. He received his undergraduate degree and Ph.D in chemistry from the University of Chicago. He taught at the University of Southern California and worked for I.B.M.'s research center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y before moving to teach at Stony Brook University in 1965. He was chairman of Stony Brook's chemistry department during the 1970s, retiring as a professor emeritus in 1994.Dr. Francis T. Bonner, chairman of Stony Brook's chemistry department from 1958 to 1970, noted the significance of Dr. Friedman's research in understanding the actions of electrolytes. For thirty years, Dr. Friedman was a chemistry professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He was fascinated with the composition of water as well as the movement of particles and electrical charges in chemical solutions known as electrolytes. Among other disciplines and applications, the literature on physiology and oceanography regarded his findings as crucial. In 1962, he published a book named Ionic Solution Theory, which detailed his research. In 1987 he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society "for pioneering work in the theory of the statistical mechanics of ionic solutions and in the application of the theory of experimental observables". In 1988, he was awarded the Robinson Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry's Faraday Division. On September 16, 2005, Harold L. Friedman died of Parkinson's disease complications, aged 82, in the Long Island State Veterans Home in Stony Brook, New York.

Works Ionic Solution Theory, ISBN 978-0470280508,1962 A Course In Statistical Mechanics, ISBN 978-0131845657, 1988

External links Stony Brook Chemistry page THE NEW YORK TIMES: Harold Friedman, 82, Chemist Who Studied Electrolytes (24. September 2005) Journal articles

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Harold Friedman

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Harold Friedman claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Harold Friedman before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Harold Friedman ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Harold Friedman

In research: Harold Friedman appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Harold Friedman in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Harold Friedman is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1923 births, 2005 deaths, 20th-century American chemists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Harold Friedman outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Harold Friedman” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Harold Friedman in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Harold Friedman means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Harold Friedman out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Harold Friedman in simple terms?

Why does Harold Friedman matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Harold Friedman?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Harold Friedman.