astronomy

Harry Braun

Harry Braun is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Harry Braun rather than just read about it. In short: Harry William Braun III is an American renewable energy consultant, researcher, and perennial candidate. He was a congressional nominee in 1984 and 1986, and has been a presidential candidate in 2004, 2012, 2016, and 2020.

Key takeaways

Harry Braun belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Harry Braun to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Harry Braun from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Harry William Braun III is an American renewable energy consultant, researcher, and perennial candidate. He was a congressional nominee in 1984 and 1986, and has been a presidential candidate in 2004, 2012, 2016, and 2020. He has published papers on the hydrogen economy, solar power, and photobiology.

Life and work Braun is a graduate of Arizona State University Since 1998, Braun has been the principal of Mesa Wind LLC, which developed wind energy (and solar energy) projects. Braun received a bachelor's degree in history and general science from Arizona State University in 1971. Since then, he has done independent research in the fields of energy technologies and resources, photobiology, molecular biology, and protein evolution. Braun is an Advisory Board Member of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Braun is the founder and senior scientist of the Phoenix Project Foundation (PPF), a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, which advocates for a hydrogen-based energy economy rather than the current fossil-fuel-based economy. The foundation promotes ideas outlined in Braun's book, Phoenix Project, initially published in 1990 and revised in 2000. Braun's published papers and books include material on solar power, the hydrogen economy, and photobiology; he has also published several versions of his book about using renewable energy to generate hydrogen, entitled The Phoenix Project.

Political campaigns Braun has not been elected to office, but was the nominee of the Democratic party for two congressional races in the 1980s.

Congressional campaigns In 1984, Braun was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the 1st congressional district of Arizona, losing to incumbent Republican congressman John McCain. According to The Arizona Republic, "A key element of Braun's energy platform is what he calls the 'Phoenix Project,' a plan to mass produce hydrogen with electrolysis by using solar power to produce the electricity." Major political problems of the 1980s that the plan could conceivably address included nuclear weapons, pollution, energy scarcity, and deficit spending. Braun received 22% of the vote. In 1986, Braun ran again, and was again the Democratic nominee for Arizona's 1st congressional district, losing to Republican nominee Jay Rhodes. Energy policy in general, and solar power plus the hydrogen economy in particular, was again a key platform-plank of Braun's campaign. Braun also campaigned on a broader set of issues during October 1986, including irrigation and water-use policy. Braun improved on his 1984 performance, and received 29% of the vote.

Presidential campaigns

2004 In 2004, Braun ran an independent campaign for President, with the campaign-slogan of "Making America Energy Independent & Pollution Free with Windship Hydrogen Production Systems." Braun's energy policy was distinct from the hydrogen economy proposed by George W. Bush, in that Braun wanted to generate hydrogen from seawater via electrolysis (using renewable energy), as opposed to generating hydrogen from coal and nuclear power plants. Braun participated in a Presidential Candidates Forum in 2004 in New Hampshire that was covered by C-SPAN.

2012 Braun did not run in 2008, but did run again in 2012, against incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama. Braun's 2012 campaign included stops in Iowa.

2016 Braun ran for the Democratic nomination again in 2016.

2020 Braun announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination again in 2020.

Proposed constitutional amendment Braun has proposed an amendment to the United States Constitution which he calls the Democracy Amendment. It reads "We the People, hereby empower the majority of American citizens to approve all laws, federal legislation, presidential executive orders, and judicial decisions that impact the majority of citizens." His plan is for the amendment to be ratified directly by voters through constitutional conventions. He has made this amendment a focus of past presidential campaigns.

Notes

References

External links Campaign website Phoenix Project Foundation website

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Harry Braun

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Harry Braun claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Harry Braun before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Harry Braun ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Harry Braun

In research: Harry Braun appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Harry Braun in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Harry Braun is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1948 births, 20th-century Georgia (U.S. state) politicians, American scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Harry Braun outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Harry Braun in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Harry Braun means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Harry Braun out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Harry Braun in simple terms?

Why does Harry Braun matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Harry Braun?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Harry Braun.