astronomy

Hiroo Kanamori

Hiroo Kanamori is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hiroo Kanamori rather than just read about it. In short: Hiroo Kanamori (金森博雄, Kanamori Hiroo; born October 17, 1936) is a Japanese seismologist who has made fundamental contributions to understanding the physics of earthquakes and the tectonic processes that cause them. Career Kanamori and American seismologist Thomas C.

Key takeaways

Hiroo Kanamori belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hiroo Kanamori to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hiroo Kanamori from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Hiroo Kanamori (金森博雄, Kanamori Hiroo; born October 17, 1936) is a Japanese seismologist who has made fundamental contributions to understanding the physics of earthquakes and the tectonic processes that cause them.

Career Kanamori and American seismologist Thomas C. Hanks developed the moment magnitude scale which replaced the Richter scale as a measurement of the relative strength of earthquakes. Kanamori invented the method for calculating slip distribution on the fault plane by teleseismic waveform with Masayuki Kikuchi. In addition, they studied realtime seismology. In 2007 he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences. Kanamori developed a new method of earthquake early warning detection by rapid analysis of the P wave by a robust network. The algorithm is currently being tested with the Southern California Seismic Network "ShakeAlert" Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system, and is one of three algorithms that is used by the system.

Honours 1993 Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship 1994 Asahi Prize 1996 Walter H. Bucher Medal 2004 Japan Academy Prize 2006 Person of Cultural Merit 2007 Kyoto Prize 2014 William Bowie Medal

Selected publications Kanamori, H. (1977). "The energy release in great earthquakes" (PDF). J. Geophys. Res. 82 (20): 2981–2987. Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K. doi:10.1029/JB082i020p02981. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2010-11-17. S. Uyeda; H. Kanamori (1979). "Back-arc opening and the mode of subduction" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 84 (B3): 1049–1061. Bibcode:1979JGR....84.1049U. doi:10.1029/JB084iB03p01049. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-14. Hanks, Thomas C.; Kanamori, Hiroo (May 1979). "Moment magnitude scale" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 84 (B5): 2348–2350. Bibcode:1979JGR....84.2348H. doi:10.1029/JB084iB05p02348. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2010-11-17. L. Ruff; H. Kanamori (1980). "Seismicity and the subduction process" (PDF). Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 23 (3): 240–252. Bibcode:1980PEPI...23..240R. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(80)90117-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-23. Kikuchi, M.; Kanamori, H. (1982). "Inversion of complex body waves" (PDF). Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 72: 491–506. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-23. Vassiliou, Marius; Kanamori, Hiroo (1982). "The Energy Release in Earthquakes" (PDF). Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 72: 371–387. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-23. Kanamori, H.; Hauksson, E.; Heaton, T. (1997). "Real-time seismology and earthquake hazard mitigation" (PDF). Nature. 390 (6659): 461–464. Bibcode:1997Natur.390..461K. doi:10.1038/37280. S2CID 4412616. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-14. Allen, R.M.; H. Kanamori (2001). "Rapid determination of event source parameters in southern California for earthquake early warning". AGU 2001 Fall Meeting. 2001: S11B–0556. Bibcode:2001AGUFM.S11B0556A. Allen RM, Kanamori H (2 May 2003). "The potential for earthquake early warning in southern California" (PDF). Science. 300 (5620): 786–9. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..786A. doi:10.1126/science.1080912. PMID 12730599. S2CID 10922234. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2010. Zollo A, Amoroso O, Lancieri M, Wu Y, Kanamori H (24 July 2010). "A threshold-based earthquake early warning using dense accelerometer networks". Geophysical Journal International. 183 (2): 963–974. Bibcode:2010GeoJI.183..963Z. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04765.x.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hiroo Kanamori

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hiroo Kanamori claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hiroo Kanamori before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hiroo Kanamori ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hiroo Kanamori

In research: Hiroo Kanamori appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hiroo Kanamori in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hiroo Kanamori is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1936 births, Academic staff of the University of Tokyo, California Institute of Technology faculty, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hiroo Kanamori outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hiroo Kanamori in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hiroo Kanamori means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hiroo Kanamori out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hiroo Kanamori in simple terms?

Why does Hiroo Kanamori matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hiroo Kanamori?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hiroo Kanamori.