earth science

Hisashi Kuno

Hisashi Kuno is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hisashi Kuno rather than just read about it. In short: Hisashi Kuno (久野久, Kuno Hisashi; 7 January 1910 – 6 August 1969) was professor at the Institute of Geology, University of Tokyo. He was first son of Kamenosuke Kuno (a painter of the Japanese classical school) and Tome Kuno.

Key takeaways

Hisashi Kuno belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hisashi Kuno to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hisashi Kuno from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Hisashi Kuno (久野久, Kuno Hisashi; 7 January 1910 – 6 August 1969) was professor at the Institute of Geology, University of Tokyo. He was first son of Kamenosuke Kuno (a painter of the Japanese classical school) and Tome Kuno.

Life There was a field excursion after the 1930 North Izu earthquake southwest of Tokyo. This resulted that his life work (the rest 40 years) was the petrology of the Izu-Hakone region, the basaltic magmas and the crystallization of pyroxenes. He graduated at University of Tokyo (former Tokyo Imperial University) in 1932 and became assistant professor in 1939. He was drafted into the army during World War II in July 1941. He was stationed in the Manchuria and he could study the geology and mineralogy of pegmatites and several basalt plateaus there. He received his doctor of science in 1948. He visited the United States in 1951–52 and worked with professor Harry H. Hess at Princeton University. He was appointed professor of the Institute of Geology in 1955. When the Wadati–Benioff zone (earthquake foci in the mantle) is less than 200 km deep, tholeiitic basalt magmas are produced (Izu Ōshima, Mount Hakone for instance). At intermediate depths high-alumina basalt magmas are formed (Mount Fuji, Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group, Mount Ontake, for instance) and at depths greater than 250 km alkali olivine basalt ones (Oki-Dōgo, for instance). Hisashi Kuno contributed to unfold this causal correlation. He received the Japan Academy Award (1954). He was president of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) during the period 1963–1967, and vice-president of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and for the International Union of Geological Sciences at the time of his death. The Kuno Cirque, Read Mountains, Shackleton Range, Antarctica was named in his honour. Kuno Peak in Mount Edziza Provincial Park of British Columbia, Canada, was named after Hisashi Kuno.

Selected publications Kuno, H. (1936). "Petrological notes on some pyroxene-andesites from Hakone volcano, with special reference to some types with pigeonite phenocrysts". Science Council of Japan. Kuno, H. (1950). "Geology of Hakone volcano and adjacent areas. Part I". J. Faculty of Sciences Univ. Tokyo. Sec. 2, 7, 257–279. Kuno, H. (1951). "Geology of Hakone volcano and adjacent areas. Part II". J. Faculty of Sciences Univ. Tokyo. Sec. 2, 7, 351–402. Hisashi Kuno (1954). "Volcanos and volcanic rocks: structure and character of the volcano". Iwanami series. Astronomy and geology, Iwanami Books, pp. 255. Kuno, H., Yamasaki, K., Iida, C., & Nagashima, K. (1957). "Differentiation of Hawaiian magmas". Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 28, 179–218. Kuno, H. (1960). "High-alumina basalt". Journal of petrology, 1(1), 121–145. Kuno, H. (1962). "Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world including solfatara fields. 11. Catalogue of the active volcanoes and solfatara fields of Japan, Taiwan and Marianas". Rome: International Association of Volcanology. Kuno, H. (1968). "Origin of andesite and its bearing on the island arc structure". Bulletin Volcanologique, 32(1), 141–176. Kuno, H. (1968). "Differentiation of basaltic magmas". p. 623-688. In H. Hess and Arie Poldervaart, eds. (1967–68) "Basalts. The Poldervaart Treatise on Rocks of Basaltic Composition". Vol. 1, pp. 495 and vol. 2, pp. 400. New York: Interscience (Wiley). Kuno, H. (1971). "Geologic map of Hakone volcano and the adjacent areas". Tokyo: University of Tokyo?

References

Minakami, T. (March 1970). "Memorial to Hisashi Kuno (1910–1969)". Bulletin of Volcanology. 34 (1): 1–6. Bibcode:1970BVol...34....1M. doi:10.1007/BF02597777. S2CID 129450164.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hisashi Kuno

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hisashi Kuno claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hisashi Kuno before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hisashi Kuno ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hisashi Kuno

In research: Hisashi Kuno appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hisashi Kuno in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hisashi Kuno is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1910 births, 1969 deaths, 20th-century geologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hisashi Kuno outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hisashi Kuno in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hisashi Kuno means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hisashi Kuno out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hisashi Kuno in simple terms?

Why does Hisashi Kuno matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hisashi Kuno?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hisashi Kuno.