biology

Hol44 family

Hol44 family is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hol44 family rather than just read about it. In short: The Holin Hol44 (Hol44) Family (TC# 1.E.29) is a group of transporters belonging to the Holin Superfamily V. A representative list of proteins belonging to the Hol44 family from caudovirales and Bacillota can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.

Key takeaways

Hol44 family belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hol44 family to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hol44 family from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Holin Hol44 (Hol44) Family (TC# 1.E.29) is a group of transporters belonging to the Holin Superfamily V. A representative list of proteins belonging to the Hol44 family from caudovirales and Bacillota can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. One characteristic member of the Hol44 family is oenophage fOg44 (Lys44; TC# 1.E.29.2.1), which secretes an endolysin that Oenococcus oeni cells are intrinsically resistant to. Full activity of Lys44 requires dissipation of the proton motive force induced by fOg44 holin during phage infection.

See also Holin Lysin Transporter Classification Database

Further reading "hol44 - Hol44 - Oenococcus phage fOg44 - hol44 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2016-03-21. Goh, Shan; Ong, Peh Fern; Song, Keang Peng; Riley, Thomas V.; Chang, Barbara J. (2007). "The complete genome sequence of Clostridium difficile phage phiC2 and comparisons to phiCD119 and inducible prophages of CD630". Microbiology. 153 (3): 676–685. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2006/002436-0. PMID 17322187. Oki, M.; Kakikawa, M.; Nakamura, S.; Yamamura, E. T.; Watanabe, K.; Sasamoto, M.; Taketo, A.; Kodaira, K. (1997). "Functional and structural features of the holin HOL protein of the Lactobacillus plantarum phage phi gle: analysis in Escherichia coli system". Gene. 197 (1–2): 137–145. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00252-7. hdl:10098/1623. PMID 9332359. S2CID 20250827.

References

As of this edit, this article uses content from "1.E.29 The Holin Hol44 (Hol44) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hol44 family

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hol44 family claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hol44 family before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hol44 family ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hol44 family

In research: Hol44 family appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hol44 family in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hol44 family is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Holins, Protein families, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hol44 family outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Hol44 family” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Hol44 family in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hol44 family means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Hol44 family out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Hol44 family in simple terms?

Why does Hol44 family matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hol44 family?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hol44 family.