engineering

Hydroxyisourate hydrolase

Hydroxyisourate hydrolase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Hydroxyisourate hydrolase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a hydroxyisourate hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-hydroxyisourate and H2O, whereas its product is 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate. This enzyme belongs to the…

Key takeaways

Hydroxyisourate hydrolase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Hydroxyisourate hydrolase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Hydroxyisourate hydrolase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a hydroxyisourate hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5-hydroxyisourate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-hydroxyisourate and H2O, whereas its product is 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-hydroxyisourate amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include HIUHase, and 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Structural studies As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes PDB: 2H1X and PDB: 2H6U.

See also 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase

References

Raychaudhuri A, Tipton PA (2003). "A familiar motif in a new context: the catalytic mechanism of hydroxyisourate hydrolase". Biochemistry. 42 (22): 6848–52. doi:10.1021/bi034137o. PMID 12779339. Raychaudhuri A, Tipton PA (2002). "Cloning and expression of the gene for soybean hydroxyisourate hydrolase. Localization and implications for function and mechanism". Plant Physiol. 130 (4): 2061–8. doi:10.1104/pp.011049. PMC 166717. PMID 12481089. Sarma AD, Serfozo P, Kahn K, Tipton PA (1999). "Identification and purification of hydroxyisourate hydrolase, a novel ureide-metabolizing enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (48): 33863–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.48.33863. PMID 10567345.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Hydroxyisourate hydrolase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Hydroxyisourate hydrolase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Hydroxyisourate hydrolase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Hydroxyisourate hydrolase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Hydroxyisourate hydrolase

In research: Hydroxyisourate hydrolase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Hydroxyisourate hydrolase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Hydroxyisourate hydrolase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 3.5.2, EC 3.5 stubs, Enzymes of known structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Hydroxyisourate hydrolase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Hydroxyisourate hydrolase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Hydroxyisourate hydrolase means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Hydroxyisourate hydrolase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a hydroxyisourate hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-hydroxyisourate and…

Why does Hydroxyisourate hydrolase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Hydroxyisourate hydrolase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Hydroxyisourate hydrolase.