chemistry

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 rather than just read about it. In short: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 is the 2005 version of Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). It is a collection of rules for naming inorganic compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 is the 2005 version of Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). It is a collection of rules for naming inorganic compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Summary The 2005 edition replaces their previous recommendations Nomenclature The Red Book of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 1990 (Red Book I), and "where appropriate" (sic) Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II, IUPAC Recommendations 2000 (Red Book II). The recommendations take up over 300 pages and the full text can be downloaded from IUPAC. Corrections have been issued. Apart from a reorganisation of the content, there is a new section on organometallics and a formal element list to be used in place of electronegativity lists in sequencing elements in formulae and names. The concept of a preferred IUPAC name (PIN), a part of the revised blue book for organic compound naming, has not yet been adopted for inorganic compounds. There are however guidelines as to which naming method should be adopted.

Naming methods The recommendations describe a number of different ways in which compounds can be named. These are:

compositional naming (e.g. sodium chloride) substitutive naming based on parent hydrides (GeCl2Me2 dichlorodimethylgermane) additive naming ([MnFO3] fluoridotrioxidomanganese) Additionally there are recommendations for the following:

naming of cluster compounds allowed names for inorganic acids and derivatives naming of solid phases e.g. non-stoichiometric phases For a simple compound such as AlCl3 the different naming conventions yield the following:

compositional: aluminium trichloride (stoichiometrically) or dialuminium hexachloride (dimer) substitutional: trichloralumane additive: trichloridoaluminium; hexachloridodialuminium (dimer without structural information); di-μ-chlorido-tetrachlorido-1κ2Cl,2κ2Cl-dialuminium (dimer with structural information)

Sequencing elements—the "electronegativity" list Throughout the recommendations, the use of the electronegativity of elements for sequencing has been replaced by a formal list which is loosely based on electronegativity. The recommendations still use the terms electropositive and electronegative to refer to an element's relative position in this list. A simple rule of thumb, ignoring lanthanides and actinides, is:

for two elements in different groups, the element in the higher numbered group has higher "electronegativity" for two elements within the same group, the element with the lower atomic number has higher "electronegativity" Hydrogen is fitted in to be less electronegative than any chalcogen and more electronegative than any pnictogen. Hence the formulae of water and ammonia can be written H2O and NH3 respectively. The full list, from highest to lowest "electronegativity" (with the addition of elements 112 through 118, that had not yet been named in 2005, to their respective groups):

Group 17 in atomic number sequence i.e. F–Ts followed by Group 16 in atomic number sequence i.e. O–Lv followed by H, hydrogen, followed by Group 15 in atomic number sequence i.e. N–Mc followed by Group 14 in atomic number sequence i.e. C–Fl followed by Group 13 in atomic number sequence i.e. B–Nh followed by Group 12 in atomic number sequence i.e. Zn–Cn followed by Group 11 in atomic number sequence i.e. Cu–Rg followed by Group 10 in atomic number sequence i.e. Ni–Ds followed by Group 9 in atomic number sequence i.e. Co–Mt followed by Group 8 in atomic number sequence i.e. Fe–Hs followed by Group 7 in atomic number sequence i.e. Mn–Bh followed by Group 6 in atomic number sequence i.e. Cr–Sg followed by Group 5 in atomic number sequence i.e. V–Db followed by Group 4 in atomic number sequence i.e. Ti–Rf followed by Group 3 in atomic number sequence i.e. Sc–Y followed by the lanthanoids in atomic number sequence i.e. La–Lu followed by the actinoids in atomic number sequence i.e. Ac–Lr followed by Group 2 in atomic number sequence i.e. Be–Ra followed by Group 1 (excluding H) in atomic number sequence i.e. Li–Fr followed by Group 18 in atomic number sequence i.e. He–Og

Determining the nomenclature to use

Note "treat separately" means to use the decision table on each component

Element names

Sample of indeterminate structure An indeterminate sample simply takes the element name. For example a sample of carbon (which could be diamond, graphite etc or a mixture) would be named carbon.

Specific allotrope

Molecular O2 dioxygen (acceptable name oxygen) O3 trioxygen (acceptable name ozone) P4 tetraphosphorus (acceptable name white phosphorus) S6 hexasulfur (acceptable name ε-sulfur) S8 cyclo-octasulfur (acceptable names for the polymorphic forms are α-sulfur, β-sulfur, γ-sulfur)

Crystalline form This is specified by the element symbol followed by the Pearson symbol for the crystal form. (Note that the recommendations specifically italicize the second character.)

Cn carbon(cF8) (acceptable name diamond) Snn tin(tI4) (acceptable name β- or white tin) Mnn manganese(cI58) (acceptable name α-manganese)

Amorphous recognised allotropes Examples include Pn,. red phosphorus ; Asn, amorphous arsenic.

Compounds Compositional names impart little structural information and are recommended for use when structural information is not available or does not need to be conveyed. Stoichiometric names are the simplest and reflect either the empirical formula or the molecular formula. The ordering of the elements follows the formal electronegativity list for binary compounds and electronegativity list to group the elements into two classes which are then alphabetically sequenced. The proportions are specified by di-, tri-, etc. (See IUPAC numerical multiplier.) Where there are known to be complex cations or anions these are named in their own right and then these names used as part of the compound name.

Binary compounds In binary compounds the more electropositive element is placed first in the formula. The formal list is used. The name of the most electronegative element is modified to end in -ide and the more electropositive elements name is left unchanged. Taking the binary compound of sodium and chlorine: chlorine is found first in the list so therefore comes last in the name. Other examples are

PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride Ca2P3 dicalcium triphosphide NiSn nickel stannide Cr23C6 tricosachromium hexacarbide

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005

In research: IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Chemical nomenclature, Inorganic chemistry, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 in simple terms?

Why does IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

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Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005.