science

Ibalizumab

Ibalizumab is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ibalizumab rather than just read about it. In short: Ibalizumab, sold under the brand name Trogarzo, is a non-immunosuppressive humanised monoclonal antibody that binds CD4, the primary receptor for HIV, and inhibits HIV from entering cells. It is a post-attachment inhibitor, blocking HIV from binding to the CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors after HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of a CD4 cell.

Key takeaways

Ibalizumab belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ibalizumab to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ibalizumab from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Ibalizumab, sold under the brand name Trogarzo, is a non-immunosuppressive humanised monoclonal antibody that binds CD4, the primary receptor for HIV, and inhibits HIV from entering cells. It is a post-attachment inhibitor, blocking HIV from binding to the CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors after HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of a CD4 cell. Post-attachment inhibitors are a subclass of HIV drugs called entry inhibitors. On March 6, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ibalizumab for multidrug-resistant HIV-1. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Medical uses Ibalizumab, in combination with other antiretrovirals, is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.

Development Ibalizumab is being developed by TaiMed Biologics but was originally developed by Tanox, now part of Genentech. As part of Genentech's takeover of Tanox, the patent for ibalizumab was sold to TaiMed Biologics, a biotech company formed in 2007 with support from the Taiwanese Government through a $20 million investment by the state-owned National Development Fund. Milestones for the intravenous (i.v.) infusion dosage form:

2003: completed a phase-1a clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form. 2003: granted fast track status by U.S. FDA. 2003: completed a phase-1b clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form. 2006: completed a phase-2a clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form. 2011: completed a phase-2b clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form. 2012: completed a phase-1 clinical trial for s.c. injection dosage form. 2013: initiated a phase-1/2 clinical trial for s.c. and i.m. injection dosage forms (on-going). 2014: granted orphan drug designation for HIV MDR patients by U.S. FDA. 2015: granted breakthrough therapy designation for i.v. infusion dosage form by U.S. FDA. 2015: initiated a phase-3 clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form (on-going). 2016: initiated and intended to complete a rolling BLA submission for i.v. infusion dosage form to U.S. FDA. 2016: completion of a phase-3 clinical trial for i.v. infusion dosage form 2017: completion of BLA submission and pre-approval inspection for i.v. infusion dosage form to U.S. FDA 2018: U.S. market approval (trade name: Trogarzo) In a Phase III trial with 48 weeks of follow-up, HIV patients with multi-drug resistance tolerated ibalizumab well in combination with other treatments, and 59% of patients achieved viral suppression.

References

External links "Ibalizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ibalizumab

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ibalizumab claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ibalizumab before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ibalizumab ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ibalizumab

In research: Ibalizumab appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ibalizumab in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ibalizumab is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Antiviral drugs, Monoclonal antibodies, Orphan drugs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ibalizumab outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ibalizumab in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ibalizumab means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Ibalizumab out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Ibalizumab in simple terms?

Why does Ibalizumab matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ibalizumab?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ibalizumab.