science

Indian Vaccination Act of 1832

Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 rather than just read about it. In short: Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 is a US federal law passed by the US Congress in 1832. The purpose of the act was to vaccinate the American Indians against smallpox to prevent the spread of the disease.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 is a US federal law passed by the US Congress in 1832. The purpose of the act was to vaccinate the American Indians against smallpox to prevent the spread of the disease.

History The act was first passed on May 5, 1832. Lewis Cass, Secretary of War, designed the act. Members of Congress appropriated US$12,000 (approximately $410,000 in current money) to vaccinate them. By February 1, 1833, more than 17,000 Indians had been vaccinated. Congress allocated $12,000 for the entire program, to be administered by Indian agents and sub-agents. Some US army surgeons refused to participate due to the lack of funds, leaving agents themselves and others with no medical training to produce and administer vaccines. However, not everyone was included. As a result, a few years later, smallpox killed 90% of the Mandan Indians, who had been excluded from the act. It also excluded Hidatsas and Arikaras.

See also 1721 Boston smallpox outbreak 1738–1739 North Carolina smallpox epidemic 1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic 1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic

References

Plenipotentiary letters regarding smallpox in Colonial America Jefferson, Thomas (March 20, 1764). "Medicine". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Washington, George (January 1, 1775). "Disease in the Revolutionary War". George Washington's Mount Vernon. The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Washington, George (January 1, 1777). "Smallpox". George Washington's Mount Vernon. The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Washington, George (March 12, 1777). "Smallpox Inoculation Letter". George Washington's Mount Vernon. The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Jefferson, Thomas (December 27, 1777). "Bill concerning Inoculation for Smallpox". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Jefferson, Thomas (June 18, 1779). "77. A Bill to Prevent the Spreading of the Small-Pox". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Madison, James (October 31, 1785). "Bills for a Revised State Code of Laws". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Waterhouse, Benjamin (December 1, 1800). "To Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Waterhouse, 1 December 1800". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. hdl:loc.mss/mtj.mtjbib009481. Jenner, Edward (1800). "An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae: A Disease Discovered in Some of the Western Counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and Known by the Name of the Cow Pox". HathiTrust Digital Library. Sampson Low. hdl:loc.rbc/General.36460.1. OCLC 488553153. Waterhouse, Benjamin (1800). "A Prospect of Exterminating the Small-Pox: Being the History of the Variolae Vaccinae, or Kine-Pox, commonly called the Cow-Pox". HathiTrust Digital Library. Cambridge Press. OCLC 912241814. Waterhouse, Benjamin (June 8, 1801). "To Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Waterhouse, 8 June 1801". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Waterhouse, Benjamin (November 16, 1801). "To Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Waterhouse, 16 November 1801". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. hdl:loc.mss/mtj.mtjbib010741. Jefferson, Thomas (1801). "Inoculation". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Waterhouse, Benjamin (January 11, 1802). "To Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Waterhouse, 11 January 1802". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. hdl:loc.mss/mtj.mtjbib010994. Coxe, John Redman (December 10, 1802). "To Thomas Jefferson from John Redman Coxe, 10 December 1802". Founders Online. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. hdl:loc.mss/mtj.mtjbib011964. Coxe, John Redman (1802). "Practical Observations on Vaccination or Inoculation for the Cow-Pock". HathiTrust Digital Library. James Humphreys. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00025897419. LCCN 07032543. OCLC 915511206. Jefferson, Thomas (May 14, 1806). "From Thomas Jefferson to George C. Jenner, 14 May 1806" [Commending the merits of vaccination for communicable disease]. Founders Online. Monticello, Virginia: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. hdl:loc.mss/mtj.mtjbib016128.

General Court of Massachusetts Province Laws "Chapter 13: An Act To Prevent Persons Concealing The Small-Pox". State Library of Massachusetts Digital Collections. Boston: Secretary of the Commonwealth. February 3, 1732. pp. 621–622. "Chapter 17: An Act To Prevent The Spreading Of The Small-Pox And Other Infectious Sickness, And To Prevent The Concealing Of The Same". State Library of Massachusetts Digital Collections. Boston: Secretary of the Commonwealth. January 17, 1743. pp. 35–37. "Chapter 17: An Act To Prevent, If Possible, The Further Spreading Of The Smallpox In The Town Of Boston". State Library of Massachusetts Digital Collections. Boston: Secretary of the Commonwealth. January 20, 1764. p. 668.

Audio media archive The Ravages of the Small Pox: Jefferson and Inoculation (Podcast). Monticello, Virginia: Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Thomas Jefferson's Health Habits (Podcast). Monticello, Virginia: Thomas Jefferson Foundation.

External links Media related to Smallpox vaccination at Wikimedia Commons

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Indian Vaccination Act of 1832

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Indian Vaccination Act of 1832

In research: Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1832 in American law, 22nd United States Congress, Public health in the United States, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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