biology

Indirana gundia

Indirana gundia is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Indirana gundia rather than just read about it. In short: Indirana gundia is a species of frog found in the Western Ghats of India. It is only known from its type locality, Kempholey, Karnataka.

Key takeaways

Indirana gundia belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Indirana gundia to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Indirana gundia from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Indirana gundia is a species of frog found in the Western Ghats of India. It is only known from its type locality, Kempholey, Karnataka. Indirana gundia is listed among "Top 100 EDGE Amphibians". It represents a family that has been evolving independently in India for almost 50 million years.

Description Indirana gundia are small in size, with a total length of 23–38 mm (0.91–1.50 in). The dorsum is variable in colour, ranging from brown to yellowish, via golden, cream, pinkish and reddish hues, probably providing good camouflage against the background of decaying leaves on the forest floor. Adult frogs have long, muscular legs; the digits on both pairs of limbs are unwebbed but dilated into disc-like suckers. The head is fairly pointed and the skin has longitudinal glandular folds along the back. The mouth is wide and the buccal cavity is whitish or yellowish.

Reproduction The frog lays eggs on wet rocks. This frog's tadpoles are not fully aquatic. It moves across wet rocks and moss using its tail and hind legs, which grow in at a younger age than those of other tadpoles of other species.

Habitat This terrestrial frog lives among rocks and leaf litter on the floor of tropical forests. It seems to require some canopy cover and cannot live in fully cleared areas. This frog has been observed between 66 and 1080 meters above sea level.

Conservation The IUCN classifies this frog as near threatened because while its range is limited and subject to ongoing degradation, it is not heavily fragmented. Humans alter the forests where the frog lives to raise livestock, harvest timber for local use, build roads, and develop infrastructure for tourism. In some areas, coffee cultivation is also an issue. Landslide prevention measures can hurt this frog by changing its the rocky microhabitats. The frog's range includes some protected parks: Bhadra Tiger Reserve, Kudremukh National Park, Kempholey Reserve Forest, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, and Ranipuram Vested Forest . Scientists have observed the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on this frog, but they do not its precise morbidity or mortality. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Indirana gundia

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Indirana gundia claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Indirana gundia before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Indirana gundia ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Indirana gundia

In research: Indirana gundia appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Indirana gundia in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Indirana gundia is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Amphibians described in 1986, EDGE species, Endemic amphibians of India, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Indirana gundia outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Indirana gundia in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Indirana gundia means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Indirana gundia out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Indirana gundia in simple terms?

Indirana gundia is a species of frog found in the Western Ghats of India. It is only known from its type locality, Kempholey, Karnataka.

Why does Indirana gundia matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Indirana gundia?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Indirana gundia.