biology

Information Hyperlinked over Proteins

Information Hyperlinked over Proteins is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Information Hyperlinked over Proteins rather than just read about it. In short: Information Hyperlinked over Proteins (or iHOP) is an online text mining service that provides a gene-guided network to access PubMed abstracts. The service was established by Robert Hoffmann and Alfonso Valencia in 2004.

Key takeaways

Information Hyperlinked over Proteins belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Information Hyperlinked over Proteins to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Information Hyperlinked over Proteins from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Information Hyperlinked over Proteins (or iHOP) is an online text mining service that provides a gene-guided network to access PubMed abstracts. The service was established by Robert Hoffmann and Alfonso Valencia in 2004. The concept underlying iHOP is that by using genes and proteins as hyperlinks between sentences and abstracts, the information in PubMed can be converted into one navigable resource. Navigating across interrelated sentences within this network rather than the use of conventional keyword searches allows for stepwise and controlled acquisition of information. Moreover, this literature network can be superimposed upon experimental interaction data to facilitate the simultaneous analysis of novel and existing knowledge. As of September 2014, the network presented in iHOP contains 28.4 million sentences and 110,000 genes from over 2,700 organisms, including the model organisms Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Danio rerio, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. The iHOP system has shown that by navigating from gene to gene, distant medical and biological concepts may be connected by only a small number of genes; the shortest path between two genes has been shown to involve on average four intermediary genes. The iHOP system architecture consists of two separate parts: the 'iHOP factory' and the web application. The iHOP factory manages the PubMed source data (text and gene data) and organises it within a PostgreSQL relational database. The iHOP factory also produces the relevant XML output for display by the web application. iHOP is free to use and is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-ND license.

References

External links iHOP server

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Information Hyperlinked over Proteins

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Information Hyperlinked over Proteins claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Information Hyperlinked over Proteins before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Information Hyperlinked over Proteins ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Information Hyperlinked over Proteins

In research: Information Hyperlinked over Proteins appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Information Hyperlinked over Proteins in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Information Hyperlinked over Proteins is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Bioinformatics, Medical search engines, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Information Hyperlinked over Proteins outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Information Hyperlinked over Proteins in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Information Hyperlinked over Proteins means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Information Hyperlinked over Proteins out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Information Hyperlinked over Proteins in simple terms?

Why does Information Hyperlinked over Proteins matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Information Hyperlinked over Proteins?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Information Hyperlinked over Proteins.