science

Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy

Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy rather than just read about it. In short: Infrasonic passive seismic spectroscopy (IPSS) is a passive seismic low frequency technique used for mapping potential oil and gas hydrocarbon accumulations. It is part of the geophysical techniques also known under the generic naming passive seismic which includes also passive seismic tomography and micro seismic monitoring for petroleum, gas, and geothermal applications.

Key takeaways

Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Infrasonic passive seismic spectroscopy (IPSS) is a passive seismic low frequency technique used for mapping potential oil and gas hydrocarbon accumulations. It is part of the geophysical techniques also known under the generic naming passive seismic which includes also passive seismic tomography and micro seismic monitoring for petroleum, gas, and geothermal applications. In a larger scale, passive seismic includes the Global Seismic Network (GSN) earthquake monitoring. Regarding petroleum and geothermal exploration (within a small scale), the effect of fluid distribution on P-wave propagation in partially saturated rocks is responsible for the low frequency reservoir-related wavefield absorption. The high level of attenuation within the infrasonic bandwidth (below 10 Hz) of the seismic field observed in natural oil-saturated porous media during the last years (explained by mesoscopic homogeneous models) is the main responsible of the passive seismic wave field shifting within a low frequency range. Pressure differences between regions with different fluid/solid properties induce frequency-dependency of the attenuation (Qp and Qs reservoir factors) and velocity dispersion (Vp, Vs) of the low frequency wave field. Infrasonic passive seismic spectroscopy quantifies the absorption and the wave field dispersion within the low frequency bandwidth giving the most predominant areas linked with possible oil-saturated and porous media. The low frequency seismic field is not usually reachable by the active seismic surveys being either the explosive waves mainly in the high frequency and the vibroseis currently built not to reach such a low frequencies.

References

Further reading Quintal B.,. Frequency-dependent attenuation as a potential indicator of oil saturation Journal of Applied Geophysics 82, pp. 119–128, 2012. Lambert M.-A., Saenger E.H., Quintal B., Schmalholz S.M.,. Numerical simulation of ambient seismic wavefield modification caused by pore-fluid effects in an oil reservoir Geophysics 78, pp. T41-T52, 2013. Artman, B., I. Podladtchikov, and B. Witten, 2010, Source location using time-reverse imaging. Geophysical Prospecting, 58, 861–873. Biot M. A. 1956a,. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid: Part1—Low-frequency range Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28, 168–178. Biot M.A. 1956b,. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid: Part2—Higher frequency range Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica, 28, 179–191. Biot M.A. 1962. Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media Journal of Applied Physics 33, 1482–1498. Carcione, J. M., H. B. Helle, and N. H. Pham (2003),: White’s model for wave propagation in partially saturated rocks Comparison with poroelastic numerical experiments. Geophysics, 68, 1389– 1398. Dutta, N. C., and H. Ode, 1979a,: Attenuation and dispersion of compressional-waves in fluid-filled rocks with partial gas saturation White model: Part 1—Biot theory Geophysics, 44, 1777–1788. Pride S.R. and Berryman J.G. 2003. Linear dynamics of double porosity and dual-permeability materials. I. Governing equations and acoustic attenuation Physical Review E 68, 036604. Rubino, J. G., C. L. Ravazzoli, and J. E. Santos, 2009,: Equivalent viscoelastic solids for heterogeneous fluid-saturated porous rocks Geophysics, 74, no. 1, N1–N13. Riahi, N., B. Birkelo, and E. H. Saenger, 2011,: A statistical strategy to analyzing passive seismic attributes 73rd Annual Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, P198. Akrawi, K., Campagna, F., Russo, L., Yousif, M. E., Abdelhafeez, M. H.,: Passive seismic survey results identified potential prospects in Sudan Abstract: 10th Middle East Geosciences Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Article: #90141©2012 GEO-2012, Artman, B., M. Duclos, B. Birkelo, F. Huguet, J. F. Dutzer, and R. Habiger, 2011, Low-frequency seismic survey at a gas storage reservoir: 73rd Annual Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, P331. Lambert, M.-A., S. M. Schmalholz, E. H. Saenger, and B. Steiner, 2009,: Low-frequency microtremor anomalies at an oil and gas field in Voitsdorf, AustriaGeophysical Prospecting, 57, 393–411. Steiner, B., E. H. Saenger, and S. M. Schmalholz, 2008,: Time reverse modeling of low-frequency microtremors Application to hydrocarbon reservoir localization: Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L03307. Toms, J., 2008. Effect of Fluid Distribution on Compressional Wave Propagation in Partially Saturated Rocks. PhD Thesis. White J.E., Mikhaylova N.G. and Lyakhovitskiy F.M. 1976. Low frequency seismic waves in fluid-saturated layered rocks Izvestija Academy of Sciences USSR, Physics Solid Earth 11, 654–659.

External links Summary of the theoretical background of the passive seismic.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy

In research: Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Oil exploration, Seismology measurement, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy in simple terms?

Why does Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Infrasonic passive differential spectroscopy.