science

Institute of Petroleum

Institute of Petroleum is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Institute of Petroleum rather than just read about it. In short: The Institute of Petroleum (IP) was a UK-based professional organisation founded in 1913 as the Institute of Petroleum Technologists. It changed its name to the Institute of Petroleum in 1938.

Key takeaways

Institute of Petroleum belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Institute of Petroleum to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Institute of Petroleum from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Institute of Petroleum (IP) was a UK-based professional organisation founded in 1913 as the Institute of Petroleum Technologists. It changed its name to the Institute of Petroleum in 1938. The institute became defunct when it merged with the Institute of Energy in 2003 to form the Energy Institute.

Background The Institute of Petroleum Technologists was established in 1913 by the consulting chemist and engineer Sir Thomas Boverton Redwood (1846–1919) and Arthur Eastlake. At the institute's inaugural meeting in 1914 Sir Thomas stated that the aim of the institute was to determine a "hallmark of proficiency in connection with our profession". He emphasised the need to amalgamate the diverse knowledge and interests of the various branches of the oil industry. In 1938 the institute changed its name to the Institute of Petroleum and membership was opened to all professions associated with the oil and gas industries.

Operation The Institute of Petroleum had similar goals to the Energy Institute but was specifically focused on the oil and gas industry, whereas the Energy Institute also covers other forms of energy including nuclear and alternative energies. The IP designation still survives, for example in the specification of test methods in the petroleum industry. The Energy Institute still runs an "International Petroleum (IP) Week", a series of events and seminars aimed at the petroleum industry. The institute's crest was an Archaeopteryx with the Latin motto conjunctione potiores (translated as 'preferential coupling').

Publications The institute published a monthly magazine Petroleum Review, which the Energy Institute continues to publish. Scholarly articles were published in the Journal of the Institute of Petroleum from 1939, previously the Journal of the Institute of Petroleum Technologists (Volumes 1 to 24; 1914–1938). The Petroleum Institute published an extensive range of internationally recognised codes of practice, guidance and petroleum test procedures. The following lists are a sample of the published material.

Codes of safe practice Model codes of safe practice (MCSP) included:

MCSP Part 1: The selection, installation, inspection and maintenance of electrical and non-electrical apparatus in hazardous areas. MCSP 1 Electrical safety code. 7th edition (2003) MCSP Part 2 Design, construction and operation of distribution installations (1998) MCSP Part 6, Pipeline Safety Code MCSP Part 9 Liquefied petroleum gas. Volume 1: Large bulk pressure storage and refrigerated LPG (1987) MCSP Part 11 Bitumen safety code. 3rd edition (1990) MCSP Part 15: Area classification for installations handling flammable fluids MCSP Part 16: Guidance on tank cleaning MCSP Part 19: Fire precautions at petroleum refineries and bulk storage installations MCSP Part 21 Guidelines for the control of hazards arising from static electricity. 2nd edition (2002) Code of safe practice for contractors working on petrol filling stations (1997) Code of safe practice for retailers managing contractors working on petrol filling stations (1999)

General Air quality and its association with human health effects (2001) Electrical installation of facilities for the storage and dispensing of LPG and CNG automotive fuels at vehicle refuelling stations (2003)

Guidelines Guidance document on risk assessment for the water environment at operational fuel storage and dispensing facilities (1999) Guidance on external cathodic protection of underground steel storage tanks and steel pipework at petrol filling stations (2002) Guidelines for investigation and remediation of petroleum retail sites (1998) Guidelines for soil, groundwater and surface water protection and vapour emission control at petrol filling stations (2003)

Test methods This list is a sample of the test methods available. Note that the IP designation still exists in the specification of these test methods.

IP 2: Petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents - Determination of aniline point and mixed aniline point IP 4: Petroleum products - Determination of ash (ISO 6245:2001) IP 10: Determination of kerosine burning characteristics - 24 hour method IP 12: Determination of specific energy IP 13: Petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Conradson method IP 14: Petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Ramsbottom method IP 16: Determination of the freezing point of aviation fuels — Manual method IP 17: Determination of colour — Lovibond® tintometer® method IP 30: Detection of mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur and peroxides - Doctor test method IP 34: Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method IP 36: Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup method IP 334: Determination of load carrying capacity of lubricants - FZG gear machine method IP 628: Determination of the Solvent Yellow 124 content of kerosine and gas oil – HPLC Method

See also American Petroleum Institute Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom Oil terminals in the United Kingdom Petroleum refining in the United Kingdom

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Institute of Petroleum

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Institute of Petroleum claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Institute of Petroleum before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Institute of Petroleum ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Institute of Petroleum

In research: Institute of Petroleum appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Institute of Petroleum in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Institute of Petroleum is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Defunct professional associations based in the United Kingdom, History of the petroleum industry in the United Kingdom, Organisations based in the City of Westminster, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Institute of Petroleum outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Institute of Petroleum in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Institute of Petroleum means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Institute of Petroleum out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Institute of Petroleum in simple terms?

The Institute of Petroleum (IP) was a UK-based professional organisation founded in 1913 as the Institute of Petroleum Technologists. It changed its name to the Institute of Petroleum in 1938.

Why does Institute of Petroleum matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Institute of Petroleum?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Institute of Petroleum.